Anthony M. Kennedy (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in Sacramento, California, July 23, 1936. He married Mary Davis and has three children. He received his B.A. from Stanford University and the London School of Economics, and his LL.B. from Harvard Law School. He was in private practice in San Francisco, California from 1961–1963, as well as in Sacramento, California from 1963–1975. From 1965 to 1988, he was a Professor of Constitutional Law at the McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific. He has served in numerous positions during his career, including a member of the California Army National Guard in 1961, the board of the Federal Judicial Center from 1987–1988, and two committees of the Judicial Conference of the United States: the Advisory Panel on Financial Disclosure Reports and Judicial Activities, subsequently renamed the Advisory Committee on Codes of Conduct, from 1979–1987, and the Committee on Pacific Territories from 1979–1990, which he chaired from 1982–1990. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 1975. President Reagan nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat February 18, 1988. Justice Kennedy retired from the Supreme Court on July 31, 2018.

John G. Roberts, Jr., Chief Justice of the United States, was born in Buffalo, New York, January 27, 1955.  He married Jane Sullivan in 1996 and they have two children - Josephine and Jack.  He received an A.B. from Harvard College in 1976 and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1979.  He served as a law clerk for Judge Henry J. Friendly of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1979–1980, and as a law clerk for then-Associate Justice William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1980 Term.  He served as a Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States from 1981–1982, Associate Counsel to President Ronald Reagan, White House Counsel’s Office from 1982–1986, and as Principal Deputy Solicitor General from 1989–1993.  From 1986–1989 and 1993–2003, he practiced law in Washington, D.C.  He served as a Judge on the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 2003-2005.  Nominated as Chief Justice of the United States by President George W. Bush, he assumed that office on September 29, 2005.

Justice Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar began serving on the Supreme Court of California in January 2015. He was nominated by Governor Jerry Brown, confirmed unanimously by the Commission on Judicial Appointments, and retained by the voters for a full term in November 2014. His previous career was in public service, university administration, and legal academia, with a focus on administrative, criminal, and international law.

A full-time member of the Stanford University faculty from 2001 to 2015, Justice Cuéllar was the Stanley Morrison Professor of Law and Professor (by courtesy) of Political Science. His books, articles, and chapters focus on administrative agencies, criminal justice, executive power, and legislation, among other subjects, and he is co-author of one of the nation’s leading administrative law casebooks. From 2004 to 2015, he held leadership positions at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. As Institute Director, he supervised 12 research centers and programs, including the Stanford Center at Peking University. He led university-wide initiatives on global poverty alleviation and cybersecurity, and earlier, co-directed the Institute’s Center for International Security and Cooperation.

Justice Cuéllar also served in the federal executive branch. In 2009 and 2010, while on leave from Stanford, he worked at the White House as Special Assistant to the President for Justice and Regulatory Policy. He negotiated provisions in food safety, tobacco, and crack-powder cocaine sentencing reform legislation; convened the White House’s food safety working group and coordinated its response to the BP oil spill; set up the President’s Equal Pay Task Force; worked on the bipartisan repeal of the military’s Don’t Ask/Don’t Tell policy; and led efforts to support community-based crime prevention and immigrant integration. He was a presidential appointee, between 2010 and 2015, to the governing council of the U.S. Administrative Conference, an agency designed to improve fairness and efficiency in federal administrative procedures. He co-chaired the U.S. Department of Education’s National Equity and Excellence Commission from 2011 to 2013.  Before that, in 2008 and early 2009, he co-chaired the presidential transition team on immigration, borders, and refugees.

Justice Cuéllar is on the boards of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, The American Law Institute, and the American Bar Foundation, and is a life member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Within the California Judiciary, he leads the Language Access Implementation Task Force. He was the Barbara Herrell Bond Distinguished Lecturer at Oxford University in 2012, and earlier was a member of the Silicon Valley Blue Ribbon Task Force on Aviation Security and Technology.

Justice Cuéllar serves as an Adviser for the ALI projects on Principles of Law: Policing, and Sexual and Gender-Based Misconduct on Campus: Procedural Frameworks and Analysis; and on the Members Consultative Groups for the Restatement Fourth, The Foreign Relations Law of the United States, Principles of Government Ethics, and Model Penal Code: Sentencing.

A naturalized U.S. citizen born in northern Mexico, he graduated from Calexico High School in California’s Imperial Valley.  He received a B.A. from Harvard, magna cum laude, a J.D. from Yale Law School, and a Ph.D. in Political Science from Stanford. After law school, he began his career at the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Enforcement working on disrupting financial and cross-border crime, and clerked for Chief Judge Mary M. Schroeder of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. He is married to Judge Lucy H. Koh of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. They have two children.

Carol F. Lee is Special Counsel at Taconic Capital Advisors, an SEC-registered investment advisor based in New York City that manages private investment funds with total assets under management of approximately $6.7 billion.

Ms. Lee was elected to the ALI in February 2008 and was elected to the Council in May 2012. She is a member of the Projects Committee and previously served on the Investment Committee. In addition, she devotes considerable time to reading Council drafts closely and providing comments to the Reporters. She is an Adviser for the Restatement of the Law Third, Torts: Intentional Torts to Persons and a member of the Members Consultative Group for the Restatement of the Law, Consumer Contracts.

From 1983 to 1993, she was an associate and then a partner at Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering in Washington, D.C. Her practice included international corporate transactions and joint ventures, Supreme Court and appellate litigation, international aviation regulation, and campaign finance law. She taught a course on the European Community and federalism in the U.S. as a lecturer at Harvard Law School and Yale Law School from 1989 through 1992.

From 1993 to 1995, she was General Counsel of the Export-Import Bank of the United States. From 1995 to 2002, she was Vice President and General Counsel of the International Finance Corporation, the private sector investment arm of the World Bank Group. From 2007 through 2012, she was General Counsel of Taconic Capital Advisors.

She clerked for Judge J. Skelly Wright of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, and for Justice John Paul Stevens of the United States Supreme Court. She has published several scholarly articles on legal and historical topics. Her husband, Professor David J. Seipp of Boston University School of Law, is a Life Member of the ALI.

Raymond Lohier is a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He was nominated by President Barack Obama in March 2010 and unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate in December 2010.

For the decade prior to his appointment, Judge Lohier was an Assistant United States Attorney in the Southern District of New York, where he served as Senior Counsel to the United States Attorney, Deputy Chief and Chief of the Securities and Commodities Fraud Task Force, and Deputy Chief and Chief of the Narcotics Unit. As the Deputy Chief and Chief of the Securities and Commodities Fraud Task Force, Judge Lohier was responsible for overseeing the Bernard Madoff prosecutions, the investigation and prosecution of Marc Dreier, the Galleon and other hedge fund-related insider trading cases, as well as several other high-profile fraud cases. Prior to his service as an Assistant United States Attorney, from 1997 to 2000, Judge Lohier served as a Senior Trial Attorney with the Civil Rights Division of the United States Department of Justice, where he spearheaded employment discrimination-related litigation and worked on other civil rights matters of importance to the federal government.

Judge Lohier has been a member of ALI since 2013, serving on the Council since 2014. He was an Adviser for Restatement of the Law, Employment Law, and serves as an Adviser for Principles of the Law, Compliance, Risk Management, and Enforcement and as chairperson of the ALI’s Awards committee.