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  1. Home
  2. Publications
  3. High-Volume Civil Adjudication
Home High-Volume Civil Adjudication
  1. Publications
Principles of the Law,

High-Volume Civil Adjudication

This project addresses a serious challenge facing state courts: the adjudication of high-volume, high-stakes, low-dollar-value civil claims. These types of claims, which arise in such areas as debt collection, evictions, home foreclosure, and child support, comprise a significant proportion of state court cases and are shaping the lives of millions of Americans.

Reporter:
David Freeman Engstrom, Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Associate Reporters:
Rebecca Aviel, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, Denver, CO
David Marcus, University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Lauren D. Sudeall, Vanderbilt University Law School, Nashville, TN
Emily S. Taylor Poppe, University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA

Tentative Draft No. 1 (Electronic PDF)

356 pages, 2026, #1PHVCATD1E

Tentative Draft No. 1 contains Chapter 3 on Notice and Service of Process, Chapter 4 on Pleading and Information Exchange, Chapter 5 on Hearings, and Chapter 7 on Entry and Enforcement of Judgments, of Part II on Procedure and Case Management in High-Volume Civil Adjudication. The membership voted to approve Chapters 3, 4, and 5 of this draft at the 2026 Annual Meeting subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published. There was insufficient time to complete the discussion of Chapter 7.

Table of Contents

Project Status at a Glance

Foreword

Reporters’ Memorandum

Part II. Procedure and Case Management in High-Volume Civil Adjudication

Chapter 3. Notice and Service of Process

§ 3.01. General Principles of Notice

§ 3.02. Reasonable Diligence

§ 3.03. Timing of Notice

§ 3.04. Preferred and Alternative Service

§ 3.05. Confirmation of Service

§ 3.06. Content of Notice and Court-Provided Forms and Resources

§ 3.07. Accessible Notice

§ 3.08. Court Obligations to Ensure Proper Notice

§ 3.09. Challenging Service

Chapter 4. Pleading and Information Exchange

§ 4.01. General Principles of Pleading and Information Exchange

§ 4.02. Content of Pleading and Information Exchange

§ 4.03. Form of Pleading and Information Exchange

§ 4.04. Timing of Pleading and Information Exchange

§ 4.05. Procedural Limits on Defenses and Counterclaims

§ 4.06. Limits on Discovery

§ 4.07. Court Access to Official Data

§ 4.08. Implementation of Rules Governing Pleading and Information Exchange

Chapter 5. Hearings

§ 5.01. Definition and Purpose of Hearings

§ 5.02. Access and Accessibility

§ 5.03. Hearing Rights and Due Process

§ 5.04. Conduct of Hearings

§ 5.05. Factual Record and Evidence

§ 5.06. Court Orders

§ 5.07. Availability of Remote Hearings

§ 5.08. Conduct of Remote Hearings

Chapter 7. Entry and Enforcement of Judgments

§ 7.01. General Principles of Entry and Enforcement of Judgments

§ 7.02. Notice Prior to and After Entry of Judgment

§ 7.03. Showing of Entitlement to Judgment

§ 7.04. Procedures for Motions to Stay or Vacate

§ 7.05. Invalid Default Judgments

§ 7.06. Considerations in Vacating Judgments on Other Grounds

§ 7.07. Measures to Protect Against Unnecessary Harms from the Entry and Enforcement of Judgments

Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 1

$10.00

Tentative Draft No. 1 (softbound)

356 pages, 2026, #1PHVCATD1

Tentative Draft No. 1 contains Chapter 3 on Notice and Service of Process, Chapter 4 on Pleading and Information Exchange, Chapter 5 on Hearings, and Chapter 7 on Entry and Enforcement of Judgments, of Part II on Procedure and Case Management in High-Volume Civil Adjudication. The membership voted to approve Chapters 3, 4, and 5 of this draft at the 2026 Annual Meeting subject to the discussion at the Meeting and editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published. There was insufficient time to complete the discussion of Chapter 7.

Table of Contents

Project Status at a Glance

Foreword

Reporters’ Memorandum

Part II. Procedure and Case Management in High-Volume Civil Adjudication

Chapter 3. Notice and Service of Process

§ 3.01. General Principles of Notice

§ 3.02. Reasonable Diligence

§ 3.03. Timing of Notice

§ 3.04. Preferred and Alternative Service

§ 3.05. Confirmation of Service

§ 3.06. Content of Notice and Court-Provided Forms and Resources

§ 3.07. Accessible Notice

§ 3.08. Court Obligations to Ensure Proper Notice

§ 3.09. Challenging Service

Chapter 4. Pleading and Information Exchange

§ 4.01. General Principles of Pleading and Information Exchange

§ 4.02. Content of Pleading and Information Exchange

§ 4.03. Form of Pleading and Information Exchange

§ 4.04. Timing of Pleading and Information Exchange

§ 4.05. Procedural Limits on Defenses and Counterclaims

§ 4.06. Limits on Discovery

§ 4.07. Court Access to Official Data

§ 4.08. Implementation of Rules Governing Pleading and Information Exchange

Chapter 5. Hearings

§ 5.01. Definition and Purpose of Hearings

§ 5.02. Access and Accessibility

§ 5.03. Hearing Rights and Due Process

§ 5.04. Conduct of Hearings

§ 5.05. Factual Record and Evidence

§ 5.06. Court Orders

§ 5.07. Availability of Remote Hearings

§ 5.08. Conduct of Remote Hearings

Chapter 7. Entry and Enforcement of Judgments

§ 7.01. General Principles of Entry and Enforcement of Judgments

§ 7.02. Notice Prior to and After Entry of Judgment

§ 7.03. Showing of Entitlement to Judgment

§ 7.04. Procedures for Motions to Stay or Vacate

§ 7.05. Invalid Default Judgments

§ 7.06. Considerations in Vacating Judgments on Other Grounds

§ 7.07. Measures to Protect Against Unnecessary Harms from the Entry and Enforcement of Judgments

Appendix A. Black Letter of Tentative Draft No. 1

$55.00

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