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Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence

Submitted by jmorinigo on

This project seeks to identify a set of principles, grounded in existing common-law tort doctrines, for assigning responsibility for harm caused by artificial intelligence systems. The project aims to help courts, regulators, and technologists understand the legal implications of artificial intelligence to help guide decision-making and provide clarity for all parties.

The Council approved the initiation of this project in October 2024. ALI members may join the Members Consultative Group.

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Mark Geistfeld
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Ketan Ramakrishnan
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Priya Aiyar
Warner Bros. Discovery, New York, NY
James M. Anderson
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
Anna Blackburne-Rigsby
District of Columbia Court of Appeals, Washington, DC
Ryan Calo
University of Washington School of Law, Seattle, WA
Jonathan G. Cedarbaum
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Che Chang
OpenAI, San Francisco, CA
Bryan H. Choi
University of Colorado Law School, Boulder, CO
Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar
Carnegie Endowment for Int'l Peace, Menlo Park, CA
Philip Dawson
Armilla AI, Toronto, Canada
Nora Freeman Engstrom
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Ivan K. Fong
Medtronic PLC (Retired), Minneapolis, MN
John C.P. Goldberg
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
David A. Gordon
Sidley Austin LLP, Chicago, IL
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Paul W. Grimm
U.S. District Court, District of Maryland (Retired), Greenbelt, MD
Peter Henderson
Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
Stephen J. Herman
Fishman Haygood L.L.P, New Orleans, LA
Aziz Zahirul Huq
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Rebecca Jacobs
Anthropic, PBC, San Francisco, CA
Neal Katyal
Milbank LLP, Washington, DC
Rob Keele
X.ai Corp., Palo Alto, CA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Carolyn B. Kuhl
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Travis LeBlanc
Cooley LLP, Washington, DC
Steven P. Lehotsky
Lehotsky Keller Cohn LLP, Washington, DC
Thomas S. Lue
Google DeepMind, Mountain View, CA
M. Margaret McKeown
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, San Diego, CA
Monica M. Márquez
Supreme Court of Colorado, Denver, CO
Justin A. Nelson
Susman Godfrey L.L.P., Houston, TX
Kevin C. Newsom
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, Birmingham, AL
Jennifer Gillian Newstead
Apple Inc., Menlo Park, CA
Sabastian V. Niles
Salesforce Inc., New York, NY
Marc Rotenberg
Center for AI and Digital Policy, Washington, DC
Michael Y. Scudder
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Catherine M. Sharkey
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Chinmayi J. Sharma
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Bryant Walker Smith
University of South Carolina School of Law, Columbia, SC
Andy Song
Google LLC, Mountain View, CA
Sandy Steel
The Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Wadham College, Oxford, England
Laura Stein
Mondelez International, Chicago, IL
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Danny Tobey
DLA Piper US LLP, Dallas, TX
Miriam Vogel
EqualAI, Washington, DC
Gerhard Wagner
Humboldt Universitaet Juristische Fakultaet, Berlin, Germany
Christiane C. Wendehorst
University of Vienna, Department of Civil Law, Vienna, Austria
Christopher S. Yoo
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Jonathan L. Zittrain
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Charles W. Adams
University of Tulsa College of Law, Tulsa, OK
Linda Auerbach Allderdice
Holland & Knight LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Laura I. Appleman
Willamette University College of Law, Salem, OR
Lady Just. Mary Arden
United Kingdom Supreme Court (Retired), London, England
David J. Aronofsky
The University of Montana (Retired), Missoula, MT
Denise E. Backhouse
Littler Mendelson, P.C., New York, NY
Steven K. Balman
Shook & Johnson, Tulsa, OK
Vanita M. Banks
Axiom, Chicago, IL
John Campbell Barker
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas, Tyler, TX
William P. Barnette
King & Spalding LLP, Atlanta, GA
Christine Pedigo Bartholomew
University at Buffalo School of Law, Buffalo, NY
Karl Bayer
Mediator, Arbitrator & Court-Appointed Neutral, Austin, TX
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Warren Belmar
Palm Beach, FL
Boris Bershteyn
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, NY
James J. Bilsborrow
Weitz & Luxenberg, PC, New York, NY
Christopher Bogart
Burford Capital, New York, NY
Jeff J. Bowen
Lindemann Miller Bowen LLP, Madison, WI
Enrique Braquehais
Spain State Attorney General's Office, Balearic Islands, Spain
Samuel L. Bray
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Tiffany Williams Brewer
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Steve Brody
O'Melveny & Myers LLP, Washington, DC
Stuart N. Brotman
University of Tennessee, College of Communication & Information, Knoxville, TN
John G. Browning
Faulkner University School of Law, Montgomery, AL
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
John G. Buchanan III
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
K. King Burnett
Webb Burnett Cornbrooks (Retired), Stow, MA
Timothy W. Burns
Burns Bair LLP, Madison, WI
John P. Burton
Rodey Law Firm, Santa Fe, NM
Alan Jay Butler
Electronic Privacy Information Center, Washington, DC
David N. Calvillo
Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP, Houston, TX
Elena A. Cappella
Philadelphia, PA
Vincent P. Cardi
West Virginia University College of Law, Morgantown, WV
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Rose Cecile Chan Loui
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Wendy Chang
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Yee Wah Chin
New York, NY
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
David S. Coale
Lynn Pinker Hurst & Schwegmann LLP, Dallas, TX
Neil B. Cohen
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Nathan Cortez
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
Michelle Williams Court
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
Deborah A. DeMott
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Tara M. Desautels
California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Two, San Francisco, CA
Anthony E. DiResta
Holland & Knight LLP, Washington, DC
Mihailis E. Diamantis
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
Christopher R. Drahozal
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Roger A. Fairfax
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Boris Feldman
Freshfields US LLP, Redwood City, CA
Susan S. Fortney
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Angela Foster
Law Office of Angela Foster, North Brunswick, NJ
Kenneth S. Gallant
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, William H. Bowen School of Law (Retired), Sequim, WA
Marialuisa S. Gallozzi
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Marvin Garfinkel
Gladwyne, PA
David R. Geiger
Product Liability Advisory Council, Inc., Clifton, VA
Joshua Alexander Geltzer
WilmerHale, Washington, DC
Robert L. Geltzer
Law Offices of Robert L. Geltzer, New York, NY
Beth George
Freshfields US LLP, Redwood City, CA
Llewellyn Joseph Gibbons
University of Toledo College of Law, Toledo, OH
Matthew J. Ginsburg
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), Washington, DC
Daniel C. Girard
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Allison H. Goddard
U.S. District Court, Southern District of California, San Diego, CA
Andrew Gold
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA
Christine Chambers Goodman
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Malibu, CA
Alex L. Groden
Bartlit Beck LLP, Chicago, IL
John J. Grogan
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Deepak Gupta
Gupta Wessler LLP, Washington, DC
Peter E. Halle
Coconut Grove, FL
Sarah Hammer
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Milli Kanani Hansen
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Washington, DC
Genevieve Helleringer
University of Oxford, Cergy-Pontoise, France
Stephen E. Henderson
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Eric L. Hirschhorn
Winston & Strawn LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Adam L. Hoeflich
Bartlit Beck LLP, Chicago, IL
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Robert H. Jerry
University of Missouri School of Law, Gainesville, FL
Trina Jones
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Michele C. Kane
The Walt Disney Company (Retired), Burbank, CA
Cem Kaner
Guelph, ON, Canada
Curtis E.A. Karnow
Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco (Retired), San Rafael, CA
Gregory C. Keating
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Robert R. Keatinge
Holland & Hart LLP, Denver, CO
Amy Keller
DiCello Levitt LLP, Chicago, IL
D. Arthur Kelsey
Supreme Court of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Laura M. Kim
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
Christopher M. Klein
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of California, Vancouver, WA
Erik Knutsen
Queen's University School of Law, Kingston, Canada
Peter R. Kochenburger
Southern University Law Center, Baton Rouge, LA
Ajay Bhanji Kundaria
Google LLC, San Francisco, CA
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Daniel Laguardia
A&O Shearman, San Francisco, CA
Ruxandra "Andra" Laidacker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Peter E. Leckman
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Ronald D. Lee
Arnold & Porter, Washington, DC
Damon R. Leichty
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Indiana, South Bend, IN
Elizabeth Byer Leonard
238th Judicial District Court, Midland County, Midland, TX
Michael E. Levine
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A., Miami, FL
Gerard J. Lewis
Phoenix, AZ
Jason L. Lichtman
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, New York, NY
Lyrissa Barnett Lidsky
University of Florida, Levin College of Law, Gainesville, FL
Erika F. Lietzan
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
John Linarelli
University of Pittsburgh School of Law, Pittsburgh, PA
Houston Putnam Lowry
Ford & Paulekas, LLP, Hartford, CT
Hugh J. Marbury
Cozen O'Connor, Wilmington, DE
Gary E. Marchant
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
Richard D. Marks
Health Record Banking Alliance, Charlottesville, VA
Annika K. Martin
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, New York, NY
Miquel Martin-Casals
Institute of European and Comparative Law, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
Gonzalo C. Martinez
California Court of Appeals, Second District, Los Angeles, CA
Araceli Martínez-Olguín
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, San Francisco, CA
Lorelie S. Masters
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Washington, DC
Alfred D. Mathewson
University of New Mexico School of Law, Albuquerque, NM
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
Kevin H. Michels
The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
Alan B. Morrison
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Charles R. A. Morse
Jones Day, New York, NY
Edward M. Mullins
Reed Smith LLP, Miami, FL
Colleen P. Murphy
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Gary Myers
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
Christopher T. Nace
Nace Law Group Accident & Injury Attorneys, Washington, DC
Gerald L. Neuman
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
George M. Newcombe
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP (Retired), Palo Alto, CA
Victoria S. Nugent
Democracy Forward, Washington, DC
Arden J. Olson
Miller Nash LLP, Portland, OR
David W. Opderbeck
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Lisa Larrimore Ouellette
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Ryan Y. Park
McGuireWoods LLP, Raleigh, NC
Wendy L. Patrick
County of San Diego District Attorney's Office, San Diego, CA
Tracy Hresko Pearl
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Harvey S. Perlman
University of Nebraska College of Law, Lincoln, NE
Mary Kelly Persyn
Persyn Law & Policy, San Francisco, CA
Ellen S. Podgor
Stetson University College of Law, Gulfport, FL
Robert C. Post
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Henry R. Reeve
Denver District Attorney's Office (Retired), Denver, CO
Carla L. Reyes
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
Jennifer K. Robbennolt
University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign, IL
Armand James Robertson
Superior Court of California, City and County of San Francisco (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Christopher T. Robertson
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
W. Keith Robinson
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Daniel B. Rodriguez
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Jacqueline C. Romero
Baker & Hostetler LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Harry Sandick
Patterson Belknap Webb and Tyler LLP, New York, NY
Timothy R. Schnabel
Law Reform Institute, Mc Lean, VA
Mary M. Schroeder
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Phoenix, AZ
Sarah O. Schrup
Appellate Advisory LLC, Chicago, IL
Robert P. Schuster
Robert P. Schuster, P.C., Jackson, WY
Daniel Schwarcz
University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, MN
Matthew R. Segal
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Washington, DC
Laura A. Seigle
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Sopen B. Shah
Perkins Coie LLP, Madison, WI
Leopold Z. Sher
Sher Garner Cahill Richter Klein & Hilbert, LLC, New Orleans, LA
Joaquin Silguero Estagnan
General Council of the Judiciary, San Sebastián, Spain
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Reagan W. Simpson
Yetter Coleman LLP, Houston, TX
George Prescott Slover
Center for Democracy & Technology, Washington, DC
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Henry E. Smith
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Mary L. Smith
VENG Group, Lansing, IL
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Daiquiri J. Steele
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Jon B. Streeter
California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Four, San Francisco, CA
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Keith Swisher
University of Arizona, James E. Rogers College of Law, Tucson, AZ
Margaret L. Taylor
U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (SFRC), Washington, DC
Lucy L. Thomson
Livingston PLLC, Washington, DC
Andrew W. Torrance
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Marketa Trimble
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Liza Vertinsky
University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Gavin R. Villareal
Baker Botts L.L.P., Austin, TX
J. Henry Walker IV
Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP, Atlanta, GA
Ryan J. Walsh
Eimer Stahl LLP, Madison, WI
Aviva Wein
Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ
Steven O. Weise
Proskauer Rose LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Kimberly West-Faulcon
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
David B. Wilson
David B. Wilson Dispute Resolution LLC, Denver, CO
Nicholas J. Wittner
Michigan State University College of Law (Retired), East Lansing, MI
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Shira R. Yoshor
Greenberg Traurig, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Peter K. Yu
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX

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Principles of the Law,

High-Volume Civil Adjudication

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This project addresses a serious challenge facing state courts: the adjudication of high-volume, high-stakes, low-dollar-value civil claims. These types of claims, which arise in such areas as debt collection, evictions, home foreclosure, and child support, comprise a significant proportion of state court cases and are shaping the lives of millions of Americans.

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Status Chart

The Council approved the initiation of this project in October 2022. 

* Preliminary Drafts and Council Drafts are available only to participants and the Council. Discussion Drafts and Tentative Drafts are available to the public after the Annual Meeting.

** Once it is approved by the Membership at an Annual Meeting, a Tentative Draft or Proposed Final Draft represents the most current statement of The American Law Institute's position on the subject and may be cited in opinions or briefs until the official text is published.

*** Chapter numbers are those used in the most recent draft or in the latest projected overall table of contents and may not correspond to the chapter numbers used in earlier drafts. 

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David Freeman Engstrom
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Rebecca Aviel
University of Denver, Sturm College of Law, Denver, CO
David Marcus
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Lauren D. Sudeall
Vanderbilt University Law School, Nashville, TN
Emily S. Taylor Poppe
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Larisa G. Bowman
Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Katherine Alteneder
Access to Justice Innovation, Washington, DC
Abbye Atkinson
UC Berkeley Law School
Jennifer D. Bailey
Bailey Judicial Solutions, LLC/Bass Law, Coral Gables, FL
Thomas A. Balmer
Supreme Court of Oregon (Retired), Salem, OR
Julie Becker
Superior Court of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Stephanos Bibas
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, Philadelphia, PA
Tonya L. Brito
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
J. Brett Busby
Supreme Court of Texas, Austin, TX
Mark D. Chandler
Stanford Law School, Snowmass Village, CO
Salena Copeland
Legal Aid Association of California, Berkeley, CA
Colleen M. Cotter
The Legal Aid Society of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH
Ronald S. Flagg
Legal Services Corporation, Washington, DC
Lisa Foster
Fines & Fees Justice Center, New York, NY
Steven S. Gensler
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Abbe R. Gluck
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
D. James Greiner
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Margaret Hagan
Stanford Law School, Legal Design Lab, Stanford, CA
Melissa Hart
Colorado Supreme Court, Denver, CO
Nathan L. Hecht
Jackson Walker LLP, Austin, TX
Danielle Hirsch
National Center for State Courts, Williamsburg, VA
Craig Iscoe
Superior Court of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Wallace B. Jefferson
Alexander Dubose & Jefferson LLP, Austin, TX
Dalié Jiménez
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Brittany K.T. Kauffman
IAALS, the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System, Denver, CO
Robert H. Klonoff
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Carolyn B. Kuhl
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Jon Laramore
Indiana Legal Services, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
Chinh Q. Le
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
John G. Levi
Sidley Austin LLP, Chicago, IL
Goodwin Liu
Supreme Court of California, San Francisco, CA
Stacey Marz
Alaska Court System, Anchorage, AK
Bridget M. McCormack
American Arbitration Association-International Centre for Dispute Resolution, New York, NY
Missy Meggison
InsideARM, Dunwoody, GA
J.J. Prescott
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Tara Raghuveer
Kansas City Tenants, Kansas City, MO
Judith Resnik
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Erika Rickard
The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC
Daniel B. Rodriguez
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Eva Rosen
Georgetown University, Washington, DC
Colin Rule
Arbitrate.com, San Jose, CA
Rebecca Sandefur
Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
James J. Sandman
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Washington, DC
Colleen F. Shanahan
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
David Slayton
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
D. Brooks B. Smith
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, Altoona, PA
Amy J. St. Eve
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Jessica K. Steinberg
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Elizabeth S. Stong
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY
Frederick Wherry
Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
Rachel Auerbach
Blitt and Gaines, P.C., Vernon Hills, IL
Ayiesha Beverly
National Apartment Association, Arlington, VA
James M. Anderson
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Laura I. Appleman
Willamette University College of Law, Salem, OR
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
James J. Bilsborrow
Weitz & Luxenberg, PC, New York, NY
Christopher Bogart
Burford Capital, New York, NY
Pamela Bookman
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Keith Bradley
Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP, Denver, CO
Aaron-Andrew Paul Bruhl
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
Elizabeth Chamblee Burch
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
J. Brett Busby
Supreme Court of Texas, Austin, TX
Sarah Keeton Campbell
Tennessee Supreme Court, Nashville, TN
Sergio J. Campos
Boston College Law School, Newton Center, MA
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Catherine C. Carr
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Gregory A. Castanias
Jones Day, Washington, DC
Janet S. Chung
Washington Court of Appeals, Division One, Seattle, WA
Kevin L. Cole
University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego, CA
Brooke D. Coleman
Seattle University School of Law, Seattle, WA
Robert E. Cooper
Bass, Berry & Sims, PLC, Nashville, TN
Michelle Williams Court
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
Robert P. Deyling
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Washington, DC
Matthew Diller
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Kevin J. Doyle
U.S. District Court, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
Christopher R. Drahozal
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Robin J. Effron
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Anthony C. Epstein
Superior Court of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Allan H. Erbsen
University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, MN
Richard G. Feder
Philadelphia, PA
Jane R. Flanagan
Illinois Department of Labor, Chicago, IL
Pamela Foohey
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Susan S. Fortney
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Maggie Gardner
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Nancy Gertner
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Daniel C. Girard
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Joseph Goldberg
Freedman Boyd Hollander Goldberg PA, Albuquerque, NM
Barry P. Goode
Superior Court of Contra Costa County (Retired), Point Richmond, CA
Christine Chambers Goodman
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Malibu, CA
Paul A. Gowder
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Linda Sheryl Greene
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
Sara Sternberg Greene
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
John J. Grogan
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Simona Grossi
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Anton G. Hajjar
Chevy Chase, MD
Caitlin Halligan
New York State Court of Appeals, Albany, NY
Kelsey Blake Hanlon
Owen Circuit Court II, Spencer, IN
Gregory R. Hanthorn
Jones Day (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Michael A. Harring
Chicago, IL
Jasmine E. Harris
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Ryan M. Harris
Utah Court of Appeals, Salt Lake City, UT
Ronald K. Henry
Arnold & Porter (Retired), Washington, DC
Stephen J. Herman
Fishman Haygood L.L.P, New Orleans, LA
Luz E. Herrera
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
William F. Highberger
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Laura J. Hines
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Adam L. Hoeflich
Bartlit Beck LLP, Chicago, IL
C. Stephen Hsu
Beijing College of Politics and Law, Beijing, China
Sarah Jane Hughes
Indiana University, Maurer School of Law, Bloomington, IN
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Melissa B. Jacoby
University of North Carolina School of Law, Chapel Hill, NC
Andrew Albert Jones
Sawicki Law, Dallas, TX
Amy Keller
DiCello Levitt LLP, Chicago, IL
Christopher M. Klein
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of California, Vancouver, WA
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Sheldon Krantz
DLA Piper US LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Erin C. Lagesen
Oregon Court of Appeals, Salem, OR
Howard Langer
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Máximo Langer
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Jocelyn D. Larkin
Impact Fund, Berkeley, CA
Peter E. Leckman
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Evan Tsen Lee
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Thomas H. Lee
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Travis Lenkner
Burford Capital, London, England
Carolyn N. Lerner
U.S. Court of Federal Claims, Washington, DC
Seth R. Lesser
Klafter Lesser LLP, Rye Brook, NY
John Leubsdorf
Rutgers Law School (Emeritus), New York, NY
Adam J. Levitin
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
George W. Liebmann
George W. Liebmann, P.A., Baltimore, MD
Houston Putnam Lowry
Ford & Paulekas, LLP, Hartford, CT
Daniel P. Maguire
Yolo County Superior Court, Woodland, CA
Cathy Lesser Mansfield
Drake University Law School, Beachwood, OH
C. Scott Maravilla
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James A. McKenna
State of Maine Office of the Attorney General, Hallowell, ME
Alan B. Morrison
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Colleen P. Murphy
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Cynthia E. Nance
University of Arkansas School of Law, Leflar Law Center, Fayetteville, AR
Arden J. Olson
Miller Nash LLP, Portland, OR
Rafael I. Pardo
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Robert S. Peck
Center for Constitutional Litigation, PC, Washington, DC
Iain D. C. Ramsay
University of Kent Law School, Canterbury, England
Jason A. Rantanen
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
D. Theodore Rave
University of Texas School of Law, Austin, TX
Alexander A. Reinert
Yeshiva University, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, NY
Jennifer K. Robbennolt
University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign, IL
Jonathan Guthrie Rose
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
Robin L. Rosenberg
The Federal Judicial Center, Washington, DC
Keith A. Rowley
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Joshua D. Sanders
Superior Court of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
Michael David Sant'Ambrogio
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
Karen J. Sarjeant
Legal Services Corporation (Retired), Silver Spring, MD
Robert A. Schapiro
University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego, CA
Andrea Kupfer Schneider
Yeshiva University, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, NY
James C. Schulwolf
Shipman & Goodwin LLP, Hartford, CT
Christopher A. Seeger
Seeger Weiss LLP, Ridgefield Park, NJ
Donna Shestowsky
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Norman Eli Siegel
Stueve Siegel Hanson LLP, Kansas City, MO
Linda J. Silberman
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Aaron D. Simowitz
Willamette University College of Law, Salem, OR
Deirdre M. Smith
University of Maine School of Law (Emerita), Freeport, ME
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Mary L. Smith
VENG Group, Lansing, IL
Micah W.J. Smith
U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Henry J. Sommer
National Consumer Bankruptcy Rights Center, Philadelphia, PA
Adam N. Steinman
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Jon B. Streeter
California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Four, San Francisco, CA
Catherine T. Struve
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Sarah L. Swan
Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ
Rick Swedloff
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Louise Ellen Teitz
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Jeffrey E. Thomas
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, Kansas City, MO
Samuel A. Thumma
Arizona Court of Appeals, Division One, Phoenix, AZ
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Martha Lee Walters
Supreme Court of Oregon (Retired), Salem, OR
Stephen J. Ware
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Mark C. Weidemaier
University of North Carolina School of Law, Chapel Hill, NC
Nancy A. Welsh
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Jonathan L. Williams
Latham & Watkins LLP, Washington, DC
Jane K. Winn
University of Washington School of Law, Seattle, WA
Nicholas J. Wittner
Michigan State University College of Law (Retired), East Lansing, MI
Adam S. Zimmerman
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA

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Principles of the Law,

Governance of Biometrics

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

Biometric data, which includes information extracted from the human body through technological means, is increasingly being used for purposes beyond medical treatment. This project will investigate the underlying technologies and socio-technical systems through which biometric data is collected and processed, as well as the legal, political, technological, and economic context in which these technologies are being developed and used. 


 

This project was launched in partnership with the European Law Institute in 2024. ALI members may join the Members Consultative Group.

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Nita Farahany
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Gianclaudio Malgieri
Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd
Essex Court Chambers, London, England
Steven O. Weise
Proskauer Rose LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Rebekah Brown
The Citizen Lab, Seattle, WA
Christopher R. Calabrese
Microsoft Corporation, Washington, DC
James Donato
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, San Francisco, CA
Laura K. Donohue
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
Ivan K. Fong
Medtronic PLC (Retired), Minneapolis, MN
Daniel C. Girard
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Abbe R. Gluck
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
David M. Gossett
Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, Washington, DC
Patrick J. Grother
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
Teresa Wilton Harmon
Sidley Austin LLP, Chicago, IL
Woodrow Hartzog
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Jane Horvath
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Washington, DC
Michele C. Kane
The Walt Disney Company (Retired), Burbank, CA
John Z. Lee
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Jennifer Lynch
Electronic Frontier Foundation, San Francisco, CA
Erin E. Murphy
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
David J. Oberly
Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz, PC, Washington, DC
Natalie Ram
University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Jameson Spivack
Future of Privacy Forum
Peter P. Swire
School of Cybersecurity & Privacy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Jennifer M. Urban
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Ferras Vinh
Adobe, Mc Lean, VA
Jonathan T. Weinberg
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
Christiane C. Wendehorst
University of Vienna, Department of Civil Law, Vienna, Austria
Rebecca Wexler
Columbia Law School, New York, NY
Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Marcus Smith
Charles Sturt University, Centre for Law and Justice, Barton, Australia
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Vanita M. Banks
Axiom, Chicago, IL
John P. Burton
Rodey Law Firm, Santa Fe, NM
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
Tara M. Desautels
California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Two, San Francisco, CA
Andrew Guthrie Ferguson
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Angela Foster
Law Office of Angela Foster, North Brunswick, NJ
Paul J. Geller
Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP, Boca Raton, FL
Jared Genser
Perseus Strategies, LLC, Washington, DC
Llewellyn Joseph Gibbons
University of Toledo College of Law, Toledo, OH
Amy Keller
DiCello Levitt LLP, Chicago, IL
Ajay Bhanji Kundaria
Google LLC, San Francisco, CA
Miquel Martin-Casals
Institute of European and Comparative Law, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
Christopher T. Nace
Nace Law Group Accident & Injury Attorneys, Washington, DC
George M. Newcombe
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP (Retired), Palo Alto, CA
Lisa Larrimore Ouellette
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Tracy Hresko Pearl
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Carla L. Reyes
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
Jacqueline C. Romero
Baker & Hostetler LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Marc Rotenberg
Center for AI and Digital Policy, Washington, DC
Evan Slavitt
Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law, Fort Mill, SC
Gelvina Rodriguez Stevenson
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Andrew W. Torrance
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Liza Vertinsky
University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Sjef van Erp
University of Trento, Italy, Berkel-Enschot , Netherlands

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Submitted motions will be reviewed for compliance with the motions procedures and submission instructions, which are on the 2025 Annual Meeting website.

Once posted by staff, motions are visible to project participants and ALI members. Terms of Use

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Principles for the
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