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Torts: Medical Malpractice

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This project is part of ALI’s ongoing revision of the Restatement Second of Torts. Portions of the Restatement Second have been superseded by the Restatement Third of Torts: Products Liability, Apportionment of Liability, Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm, and Liability for Economic Harm.

This Restatement addresses medical liability.

Drafting of this project is completed; preparation of the official text is in progress.

This project was initially part of Torts: Miscellaneous Provisions but was produced separately beginning with the Tentative Draft for the 2023 Annual Meeting.

Restatement of the Law
On
RTMM - Rest. Third, Torts: Medical Malpractice
Off
Nora Freeman Engstrom
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Mark A. Hall
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Brent R. Appel
Supreme Court of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Cheri L. Beasley
Raleigh, NC
J. Brett Busby
Supreme Court of Texas, Austin, TX
David G. Campbell
U.S. District Court, District Court of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Edward H. Cooper
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Jessica Davidson
Kirkland & Ellis LLP, New York, NY
Elizabeth Faiella
Faiella & Gulden, P.S., Winter Park, FL
Gary Feinerman
Latham & Watkins LLP, Chicago, IL
Richard H. Friedman
Friedman Rubin, Bremerton, WA
Mark Geistfeld
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Myriam E. Gilles
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Abbe R. Gluck
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Steve C. Gold
Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Heather Hansen
O'Brien & Ryan, LLP, Plymouth Meeting, PA
Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Stephen A. Higginson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, New Orleans, LA
Jill R. Horwitz
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Joshua D. Koskoff
Koskoff, Koskoff & Bieder, Redding, CT
Alexandra D. Lahav
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Beverly Baldwin Martin
JAMS, Atlanta, GA
Margaret Penny Mason
Barclay Damon LLP, New Haven, CT
Dayna Bowen Matthew
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Leigh Martin May
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
Kenneth Murphy
Philadelphia, PA
Leonard Jack Nelson
Samford University School of Law, Birmingham, AL
Devin O'Brien
The Doctors Company, Napa, CA
David Orentlicher
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Jim M. Perdue
Perdue & Kidd, Houston, TX
Philip G. Peters
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
Robert L. Rabin
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Christina C. Reiss
U.S. District Court, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
Ellen Relkin
Weitz & Luxenberg, PC, New York, NY
Julius N. Richardson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, Columbia, SC
Christopher T. Robertson
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
William M. Sage
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Nadia N. Sawicki
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Marc M. Seltzer
Susman Godfrey LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Joanna Shepherd
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA
Laura Sigman
Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
Amy J. St. Eve
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
David Studdert
Stanford Law School, Palo Alto, CA
Thomas D. Waterman
Supreme Court of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
Malcolm E. Wheeler
Wheeler Trigg O'Donnell LLP, Denver, CO
John Witt
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Jennifer Wriggins
University of Maine School of Law, Portland, ME
Allison Zieve
Public Citizen Litigation Group, Washington, DC
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Patrick Bailey
American College of Surgeons, Washington, DC
Laura A. Foggan
Crowell & Moring LLP, Washington, DC
Kyle Palazzolo
American Medical Association Office of the General Counsel, Chicago, IL
Marc T. Amy
Jones Walker LLP, Lafayette, LA
James M. Anderson
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Tom Baker
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Steven K. Balman
Shook & Johnson, Tulsa, OK
Jennifer S. Bard
University of Cincinnati College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
William T. Barker
Dentons US LLP (Retired), Chicago, IL
James M. Beck
Reed Smith LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Neal S. Berinhout
AT&T (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
John P. Burton
Rodey Law Firm, Santa Fe, NM
Karen K. Caldwell
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Stephen Calkins
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
Elena A. Cappella
Philadelphia, PA
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Christine Nero Coughlin
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Christopher Scott D'Angelo
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Keith L. Davidson
Law Offices of Keith L. Davidson, Crystal Lake, IL
Deborah A. DeMott
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Arthur R. Derse
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
Anthony M. DiLeo
Anthony M. DiLeo, APC, New Orleans, LA
John L. Diamond
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
James B. Dolan
Badger, Dolan, Parker & Cohen, Boston, MA
John Fitzgerald Duffy
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Holly A. Dyer
Foulston Siefkin LLP, Wichita, KS
Jordan Elias
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Richard G. Feder
Philadelphia, PA
Jay M. Feinman
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Arthur Norman Field
Field Consulting Services LLC, New York, NY
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
Paul J. Fraidenburgh
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Diego, CA
David R. Geiger
Product Liability Advisory Council, Inc., Clifton, VA
Sharon Stern Gerstman
Magavern Magavern Grimm LLP, Buffalo, NY
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
James Goudkamp
Oxford University, Oxford, England
Valerie P. Hans
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Paul T. Hayden
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Richard Conrad Henke
Thomas M. Cooley Law School, Lansing, MI
Daniel Earle Hinde
Dan Hinde PLLC, Houston, TX
Sharona Hoffman
Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH
Roger F. Holmes
Biss & Holmes, Anchorage, AK
Kevin D. Jewell
Court of Appeals, Fourteenth District of Texas, Houston, TX
Vincent R. Johnson
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Allan Kanner
Kanner & Whiteley, LLC, New Orleans, LA
Leslie Carolyn Kendrick
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
Erik Knutsen
Queen's University School of Law, Kingston, Canada
Ronald J. Krotoszynski
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Joseph H. Lang
Carlton Fields, P.A., Tampa, FL
John P. Lavelle
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Lawrence C. Levine
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, CA
Michael E. Levine
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A., Miami, FL
William Parker Lightfoot
Lightfoot Law, Washington, DC
Kyle D. Logue
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
William Cullen MacDonald
Hawkins Delafield & Wood LLP (Retired), Richmond, VA
Solangel Maldonado
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Patrick A. Malone
Patrick Malone & Associates, PC, Washington, DC
D. Price Marshall
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR
Thomas Wm. Mayo
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
Stephanie A. Middleton
The American Law Institute (Retired), Greenbrae, CA
Jim A. Moseley
Gray Reed & McGraw, LLP, Dallas, TX
Luther T. Munford
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Valerie M. Nannery
The American Constitution Society, Washington, DC
Donal Nolan
University of Oxford, Worcester College, Oxford, England
James M. Oleske
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Ken Oliphant
University of Bristol Law School, Bristol, England
Robert S. Peck
Center for Constitutional Litigation, PC, Washington, DC
E. Farish Percy
University of Mississippi Law School, Oxford, MS
Jeffrey M. Pollock
Pollock Law, LLC, Furlong, PA
Marlon A. Primes
Brennan, Manna & Diamond, Cleveland, OH
Ellen S. Pryor
UNT Dallas College of Law, Dallas, TX
Stuart A. Raphael
Court of Appeals of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Clifford A. Rieders
Rieders, Travis, Dohrmann, Mowrey, Humphrey & Waters, Williamsport, PA
Armand James Robertson
Superior Court of California, City and County of San Francisco (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Michael Lindsay Robinson
North Carolina Business Court, Winston Salem, NC
Daniel B. Rodriguez
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Joseph Sanders
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Nathan A. Schachtman
Center for Truth in Science, Haddonfield, NJ
Robert P. Schuster
Robert P. Schuster, P.C., Jackson, WY
Myra C. Selby
Ice Miller LLP, Indianapolis, IN
Susan Sharko
Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Florham Park, NJ
Richard A. Silver
Silver Golub & Teitell LLP, Stamford, CT
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Carl A. Solano
Superior Court of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Shanin Specter
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Victor P. Stabile
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA
Jane Stapleton
The University of Sydney Law School, Sydney, Australia
Michael K. Steenson
Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Saint Paul, MN
Evan B. Stephenson
Spencer Fane LLP, Denver, CO
James Y. Stern
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Catherine T. Struve
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
John D. Taurman
Vinson & Elkins LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
David K. Thomson
New Mexico Supreme Court, Santa Fe, NM
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Victor D. Vital
Haynes and Boone, LLP, Dallas, TX
Elizabeth Weeks
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Merle Weiner
University of Oregon School of Law, Eugene, OR
Steven O. Weise
Proskauer Rose LLP, Los Angeles, CA
W. Bradley Wendel
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Nicholas J. Wittner
Michigan State University College of Law (Retired), East Lansing, MI
Douglas P. Woodlock
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Eric H. Zagrans
Zagrans Law Firm LLC, Columbus, OH
Carla C. van Dongen
State Farm Insurance Companies (Retired), Union Pier, MI
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Restatement of the Law Third,

The Foreign Relations Law of the United States

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This Restatement covers topics not addressed in the previous Restatement Fourth volume on selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity, as well as selected topics that have emerged since publication of the Restatement Third.

Status Chart

The Council approved the initiation of this project in January 2023. 

* Preliminary Drafts and Council Drafts are available only to participants and the Council. Discussion Drafts and Tentative Drafts are available to the public after the Annual Meeting.

** Once it is approved by the Membership at an Annual Meeting, a Tentative Draft or Proposed Final Draft represents the most current statement of The American Law Institute's position on the subject and may be cited in opinions or briefs until the official text is published.

*** Chapter numbers are those used in the most recent draft or in the latest projected overall table of contents and may not correspond to the chapter numbers used in earlier drafts. 

Restatement of the Law
Off
RFRLUS - Rest. Fourth, Foreign Relations Law of the United States
Off
Curtis A. Bradley
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
William S. Dodge
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Oona A. Hathaway
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
John B. Bellinger
Arnold & Porter, Washington, DC
Jack Landman Goldsmith
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Harold Hongju Koh
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
M. Margaret McKeown
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, San Diego, CA
Catherine M. Amirfar
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, New York, NY
David J. Barron
U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit, Boston, MA
Megan Bartley
U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (SFRC)
James E. Boasberg
District of Columbia Superior Court, Washington, DC
David Bowker
WilmerHale, Washington, DC
Ingrid Brunk
Vanderbilt University Law School, Nashville, TN
Todd F. Buchwald
Mc Lean, VA
José A. Cabranes
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, New Haven, CT
Donald Earl Childress III
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Malibu, CA
Bradford R. Clark
George Washington University Law School
Kathleen Claussen
Georgetown University Law School, Washington, DC
Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar
Carnegie Endowment for Int'l Peace, Menlo Park, CA
Kristina Daugirdas
The University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Ashley S. Deeks
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Brian J. Egan
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Washington, DC
Kristen Eichensehr
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Agniescka M. Fryszman
Cohen Milstein Hausfeld & Toll, PLLC, Washington, DC
Jean Galbraith
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Monica Hakimi
Columbia Law School
Douglas Hallward-Driemeier
Ropes & Gray LLP, Washington, DC
Mohamed S. Helal
The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, Columbus, OH
Stephen A. Higginson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, New Orleans, LA
Duncan B. Hollis
Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA
Rebecca Ingber
Yeshiva University, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, NY
Clifton Johnson
U.S. Department of State, Office of the Legal Adviser, Washington, DC
Peter Keisler
Sidley Austin LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Chimène Keitner
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Kelsey Kelleher
U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Washington, DC
Andrew N. Keller
AXA Group, Washington, DC
Jane Kelly
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit, Cedar Rapids, IA
Carolyn B. Lamm
White & Case LLP, Washington, DC
Gerard E. Lynch
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, New York, NY
Jenny S. Martinez
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Michael Mattler
Washington, DC
Judith A. Miller
Chevy Chase, MD
Patricia Ann Millett
U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, Washington, DC
Jeffrey P. Minear
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
David H. Moore
Brigham Young University, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Provo, UT
Randolph D. Moss
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Sean David Murphy
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
William Nardini
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, New York, NY
Gerald L. Neuman
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Andrew Olson
International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC
Michael D. Ramsey
University of San Diego School of Law
Natalie L. Reid
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, New York, NY
David W. Rivkin
Arbitration Chambers, New York, NY
Cristina M. Rodriguez
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
John M. Rogers
U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, Lexington, KY
Jonathan B. Schwartz
U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC
Anthony J. Scirica
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, Philadelphia, PA
Ryan Scoville
Marquette University Law School, Milwaukee, WI
Linda J. Silberman
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Paul B. Stephan
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
David P. Stewart
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
Edward T. Swaine
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Bruce C. Swartz
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Carlos Manuel Vázquez
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
Lewis Yelin
Department Of Justice, Washington, DC
David M. Zionts
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Dapo Akande
St. Peter's College, University of Oxford
Helmut Aust
Freie Universität Berlin
Daniel Bethlehem
Congyan Cai
Fudan University School of Law
Christopher J. Greenwood
Magdalene College
Yuji Iwasawa
International Court of Justice
Catherine Kessedjian
University Paris-Panthéon-Assas, Paris, France
Claus Kress
University of Cologne, Institute for International Peace and Security Law
Keun-Gwan Lee
Seoul National University School of Law
Campbell Alan McLachlan
Victoria University of Wellington Law School, Wellington, New Zealand
August Reinisch
University of Vienna, Section of International Law
Anthea Roberts
The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Alejandro Rodiles
Friedrich Schiller Unversitat Jena
Prabhakar Singh
BML Munjal University School of Law
Philippa Webb
University of Oxford, Blavatnik School of Government
Hannah Woolaver
University of Cape Town
Sienho Yee
China Foreign Affairs University
William J. Aceves
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Mark D. Agrast
World Justice Project, Washington, DC
Raquel E. Aldana
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Denise E. Backhouse
Littler Mendelson, P.C., New York, NY
Thad H. Balkman
District Court of Cleveland County, Oklahoma, Norman, OK
Peter V. Baugher
Baugher Dispute Resolution LLC, Chicago, IL
Michael M. Baylson
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
John D. Bessler
Stinson LLP, Minneapolis, MN
Christopher Bogart
Burford Capital, New York, NY
Pamela Bookman
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Enrique Braquehais
Spain State Attorney General's Office, Balearic Islands, Spain
Tiffany Williams Brewer
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Stuart N. Brotman
University of Tennessee, College of Communication & Information, Knoxville, TN
Charles H. Brower II
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
H. Thomas Byron III
Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC
Peter H. Carson
Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Jonathan G. Cedarbaum
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Yee Wah Chin
New York, NY
Margaret Chon
Seattle University School of Law, Seattle, WA
Daniel C.K. Chow
The Ohio State University, Moritz College of Law, Columbus, OH
Jack J. Coe
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Camarillo, CA
Michael S. Coffee
Washington, DC
Jacob Katz Cogan
University of Cincinnati College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
David K. Cohen
George Washington University Law School, Chevy Chase, MD
Harlan G. Cohen
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Thomas L. Cubbage
The Center for American and International Law, Plano, TX
Steven A. Dean
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Joseph William Dellapenna
Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (Retired), Ardmore, PA
Christopher R. Drahozal
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Gabriel Eckstein
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Samuel Estreicher
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Boris Feldman
Freshfields US LLP, Redwood City, CA
Martin S. Flaherty
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Theodore J. Folkman
Rubin & Rudman LLP, Boston, MA
Angela Foster
Law Office of Angela Foster, North Brunswick, NJ
Gregory H. Fox
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
Kenneth S. Gallant
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, William H. Bowen School of Law (Retired), Sequim, WA
Maggie Gardner
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Jared Genser
Perseus Strategies, LLC, Washington, DC
Steven S. Gensler
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Beth George
Freshfields US LLP, Redwood City, CA
Michael A. Harring
Chicago, IL
Eric L. Hirschhorn
Winston & Strawn LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Jerome A. Holmes
U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit, Oklahoma City, OK
Christina Michelle Houston
DLA Piper US LLP, Wilmington, DE
Richard Gibbs Johnson
RGJ LLC, Cleveland, OH
Roscoe Jones
Drake Law School, West Des Moines, IA
Henry C. Kevane
Pachulski Stang Ziehl & Jones LLP, San Francisco, CA
Christopher M. Klein
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of California, Vancouver, WA
Jeffrey D. Kovar
Washington, DC
Ajay Bhanji Kundaria
Google LLC, San Francisco, CA
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Máximo Langer
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Herbert I. Lazerow
University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego, CA
Thomas H. Lee
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Addar Levi
Washington, DC
John Linarelli
University of Pittsburgh School of Law, Pittsburgh, PA
David Lloyd-Jones
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, London, England
Houston Putnam Lowry
Ford & Paulekas, LLP, Hartford, CT
C. Scott Maravilla
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC
D. Stephen Mathias
Georgetown Law, Washington, DC
Tom McDonald
Taft Stettinius & Hollister LLP, Washington, DC
Maurice H. Mendelson
Blackstone Chambers Barristers, London, England
Thomas Butler Merritt
Littleton, NH
Timothy Meyer
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Julian Davis Mortenson
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Fred F. Murray
Internal Revenue Service Office of Chief Counsel, Gainesville, FL
Jennifer Gillian Newstead
Apple Inc., Menlo Park, CA
Jide Okechuku Nzelibe
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
John T. Parry
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Steven N. Peskind
Peskind Law Firm, Saint Charles, IL
John V.H. Pierce
Latham & Watkins LLP, New York, NY
C. Ryan Reetz
Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP, Miami, FL
Daniel I.S.J. Rey-Bear
Rey-Bear McLaughlin LLP, Spokane, WA
Julissa Reynoso
Winston & Strawn LLP, New York, NY
Kenneth M. Rosen
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
Leila Nadya Sadat
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Victoria Shannon Sahani
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Tatiana Sainati
Wiley Rein LLP, Washington, DC
Timothy R. Schnabel
Law Reform Institute, Mc Lean, VA
Mark Sidel
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Aaron D. Simowitz
Willamette University College of Law, Salem, OR
Matthew D. Slater
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, Washington, DC
Mary L. Smith
VENG Group, Lansing, IL
John W. Stamper
O'Melveny & Myers LLP (Retired), Los Angeles, CA
Adam N. Steinman
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Beth Stephens
Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ
Elizabeth S. Stong
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Symeon C. Symeonides
Willamette University College of Law, Salem, OR
Margaret L. Taylor
U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (SFRC), Washington, DC
Louise Ellen Teitz
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
David B. Thronson
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
Marketa Trimble
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Peter D. Trooboff
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Pierre-Hugues Verdier
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Spencer W. Waller
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Nancy E. Weiss
Washington College of Law, American University, Washington, DC
Christopher A. Whytock
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
David B. Wilson
David B. Wilson Dispute Resolution LLC, Denver, CO
Eric H. Zagrans
Zagrans Law Firm LLC, Columbus, OH

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Restatement of the Law Fourth,

Election Litigation

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This Restatement will provide guidance to federal and state court judges adjudicating election disputes, focusing on the areas governed by equitable principles and guided by judicial common law. The Restatement will not address broader questions bearing on the substance of election law.

The Council approved the initiation of this project in January 2023. ALI members may join the Members Consultative Group.

Restatement of the Law
Off
RLEL - Restatement of the Law, Election Litigation
Off
Lisa Marshall Manheim
University of Washington School of Law, Seattle, WA
Derek T. Muller
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Rebecca Green
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
Scott Bales
Arizona Supreme Court (Retired), Phoenix, AZ
Thomas A. Balmer
Supreme Court of Oregon (Retired), Salem, OR
Robert Bauer
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Mira Baylson
Pennsylvania Department of State, Harrisburg, PA
Stephanos Bibas
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, Philadelphia, PA
Bobby Burchfield
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Guy-Uriel E. Charles
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Gregg Costa
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Houston, TX
Roopali Hardin Desai
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Phoenix, AZ
Allison H. Eid
U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit, Denver, CO
Ilana H. Eisenstein
DLA Piper US LLP, Philadelphia, PA
William A. Fletcher
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, San Francisco, CA
Edward B. Foley
The Ohio State University, Moritz College of Law, Columbus, OH
Noel J. Francisco
Jones Day, Washington, DC
Kenneth C. Frazier
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ
Benjamin Ginsberg
Hoover Institution
Susan P. Graber
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Portland, OR
Jamal Greene
Columbia Law School, New York, NY
Kevin J. Hamilton
Perkins Coie LLP, Seattle, WA
Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Sam Hirsch
Jenner & Block LLP
Sherrilyn Ifill
Howard Law School, Washington, DC
Samuel Issacharoff
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Wallace B. Jefferson
Alexander Dubose & Jefferson LLP, Austin, TX
Pamela S. Karlan
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Abha Khanna
Elias Law Group
Leondra R. Kruger
Supreme Court of California, San Francisco, CA
Brian C. Lea
U.S. District Court, Western District of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
Justin Levitt
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Elbert Lin
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Richmond, VA
Michael T. Morley
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Cameron T. Norris
Consovoy McCarthy PLLC, Arlington, VA
Nina Perales
Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, San Antonio, TX
Myrna Perez
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit
Nathaniel Persily
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Richard Pildes
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Miriam Seifter
University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School
Joshua S. Sellers
University of Texas School of Law, Austin, TX
Michael H. Simon
United States District Court for the District of Oregon
Amy J. St. Eve
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Nicholas O. Stephanopoulos
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Charles Stewart
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jeffrey S. Sutton
U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, Columbus, OH
Franita Tolson
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Luis Roberto Barroso
Supreme Federal Court of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil
Alok Ahuja
Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District, Kansas City, MO
Theresa Amato
Amato PLLC, Washington, DC
Karen Arnold-Burger
Kansas Court of Appeals, Topeka, KS
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Lamar W. Baker
California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division Five, Los Angeles, CA
Nannette A. Baker
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Missouri, Saint Louis, MO
Thad H. Balkman
District Court of Cleveland County, Oklahoma, Norman, OK
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Warren Belmar
Palm Beach, FL
Mark I. Bernstein
Philadelphia, PA
Philip A. Brimmer
U.S. District Court, District of Colorado, Denver, CO
David M. Brodsky
Brodsky ADR LLC, Wainscott, NY
Craig R. Bucki
Phillips Lytle LLP, Buffalo, NY
Gregory P. Butrus
Balch & Bingham LLP, Birmingham, AL
Jean-Jacques Cabou
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
Sarah Keeton Campbell
Tennessee Supreme Court, Nashville, TN
Peter H. Carson
Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Jonathan G. Cedarbaum
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Donald Earl Childress III
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Malibu, CA
Michael Cooke
The Pew Charitable Trusts, Philadelphia, PA
Robert E. Cooper
Bass, Berry & Sims, PLC, Nashville, TN
Josiah M. Daniel
Vinson & Elkins LLP (Retired), Dallas, TX
Alexis E. Danneman
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
Erin F. Delaney
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Robert P. Deyling
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Washington, DC
Albert Diaz
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, Charlotte, NC
Joshua A. Douglas
University of Kentucky, J. David Rosenberg College of Law, Lexington, KY
Matthew H. Duncan
Fine, Kaplan and Black, RPC, Philadelphia, PA
Robin J. Effron
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Benjamin D. Geffen
Public Interest Law Center, Philadelphia, PA
Joseph Goldberg
Freedman Boyd Hollander Goldberg PA, Albuquerque, NM
Christine Chambers Goodman
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Malibu, CA
David B. Goodwin
Covington & Burling LLP, San Francisco, CA
Lydia Kay Griggsby
U.S. Court of Federal Claims, Baltimore, MD
Catherine M. Grosso
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
Vinay Harpalani
University of New Mexico School of Law, Albuquerque, NM
Elizabeth Lutes Hillman
National September 11 Memorial & Museum, New York, NY
Eric L. Hirschhorn
Winston & Strawn LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Edwin E. Huddleson
Washington, DC
Anthony Johnstone
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Missoula, MT
Roscoe Jones
Drake Law School, West Des Moines, IA
Ajay Bhanji Kundaria
Google LLC, San Francisco, CA
Jocelyn D. Larkin
Impact Fund, Berkeley, CA
Othni J. Lathram
Alabama Legislative Services Agency, Montgomery, AL
John P. Lavelle
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Thomas H. Lee
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Houston Putnam Lowry
Ford & Paulekas, LLP, Hartford, CT
Robert Luther
George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School, Arlington, VA
Jeffrey A. Mandell
Law Forward, Madison, WI
C. Scott Maravilla
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC
Wendy K. Mariner
Boston University School of Law, Cambridge, MA
Robert L. McCurley
Alabama Law Institute, Tuscaloosa, AL
Tom McDonald
Taft Stettinius & Hollister LLP, Washington, DC
Alan B. Morrison
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Monica M. Márquez
Supreme Court of Colorado, Denver, CO
Carolyn H. Nichols
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Bala Cynwyd, PA
Cameron T. Norris
Consovoy McCarthy PLLC, Arlington, VA
Ashwin P. Phatak
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Michael J. Pitts
Indiana University, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indianapolis, IN
D. Theodore Rave
University of Texas School of Law, Austin, TX
Chad Andrew Readler
U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, Columbus, OH
Lori Ringhand
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Augustin Rivera
Del Mar Community College District, Corpus Christi, TX
Russell K. Robinson
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Daniel B. Rodriguez
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Harry Sandick
Patterson Belknap Webb and Tyler LLP, New York, NY
Karen J. Sarjeant
Legal Services Corporation (Retired), Silver Spring, MD
Anne Marie Seibel
Bradley Arant Boult Cummings LLP, Birmingham, AL
Carolyn Shapiro
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
Matthew D. Slater
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, Washington, DC
Melanie Sloan
Summer Strategies, LLC, Washington, DC
Mary L. Smith
VENG Group, Lansing, IL
Paul M. Smith
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
Thomas J. Spulak
King & Spalding LLP, Washington, DC
Adam N. Steinman
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Elizabeth S. Stong
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY
Jon B. Streeter
California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Four, San Francisco, CA
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Daniel Patrick Tokaji
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Raymond P. Tolentino
Cooley LLP, Washington, DC
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Caroline S. Van Zile
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Jonathan L. Williams
Latham & Watkins LLP, Washington, DC
John Hardin Young
SandlerReiff, Rehoboth Beach, DE
Eric H. Zagrans
Zagrans Law Firm LLC, Columbus, OH

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MCG Open
Open
Restatement of the Law,

Constitutional Torts

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This Restatement will examine the law of individual rights to sue government employees and others “acting under color of state law” under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Bivens actions. It will also cover restrictions on § 1983 actions imposed by the Prison Litigation Reform Act and the overlapping law of federal habeas corpus.

Constitutional Torts Chart

The Council approved the initiation of this project in October 2022. ALI members may join the Members Consultative Group.

* Preliminary Drafts and Council Drafts are available only to participants and the Council. Discussion Drafts and Tentative Drafts are available to the public after the Annual Meeting.

** Once it is approved by the Membership at an Annual Meeting, a Tentative Draft or Proposed Final Draft represents the most current statement of The American Law Institute's position on the subject and may be cited in opinions or briefs until the official text is published.

*** Chapter numbers are those used in the most recent draft or in the latest projected overall table of contents and may not correspond to the chapter numbers used in earlier drafts. 

Restatement of the Law
Off
RLCT - Restatement of the Law, Constitutional Torts
Off
John Calvin Jeffries
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Pamela S. Karlan
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Alan K. Chen
University of Denver, Sturm College of Law, Denver, CO
James E. Pfander
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Fred O. Smith
Stanford Law School, Palo Alto, CA
Michael Wells
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Donald B. Ayer
Georgetown University Law Center, Mc Lean, VA
William Baude
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Jack Beermann
Boston University School of Law
Wendy Beetlestone
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Anya Bidwell
Institute for Justice, Arlington, VA
Karen Blum
Suffolk University Law School, Boston, MA
Michael G. Collins
University of Virginia School of Law
Gonzalo P. Curiel
U.S. District Court, Southern District of California, San Diego, CA
Gary Feinerman
Latham & Watkins LLP, Chicago, IL
William A. Fletcher
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, San Francisco, CA
Paul L. Friedman
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Ian Heath Gershengorn
Jenner & Block LLP, Washington, DC
Sharon L. Gleason
U.S. District Court of Alaska, Anchorage, AK
John Gleeson
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, New York, NY
Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA
Toby Jay Heytens
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Mark R. Hornak
U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA
Margaret Z. Johns
University of California, Davis School of Law
Adalberto J. Jordan
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, Miami, FL
Richard B. Katskee
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Virginia M. Kendall
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Seth F. Kreimer
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Alexandra D. Lahav
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Jennifer Laurin
University of Texas School of Law
Leah M. Litman
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Jon Loevy
Loevy & Loevy, Chicago, IL
John G. Malcolm
Advancing American Freedom, Indianapolis, IN
Mary Massaron
Plunkett Cooney, P.C., Bloomfield Hills, MI
Stephen R. McAllister
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Scott Michelman
American Civil Liberties Union of the District of Columbia
Darrell A.H. Miller
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Jane Elinor Notz
Office of the Illinois Attorney General, Chicago, IL
Eugene P. Ramirez
Manning Kass
Alexander A. Reinert
Yeshiva University, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, NY
Lee H. Rosenthal
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Houston, TX
David Rudovsky
Kairys, Rudovsky, Messing, Feinberg & Lin LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Joanna C. Schwartz
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Michael H. Simon
United States District Court for the District of Oregon
Gregory Charles Sisk
University of St. Thomas School of Law, Minneapolis, MN
Amy Totenberg
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
Barbara D. Underwood
Office of the Attorney General of New York, New York, NY
Howard M. Wasserman
Florida International University College of Law, Miami, FL
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Raquel E. Aldana
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
James M. Anderson
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Laura I. Appleman
Willamette University College of Law, Salem, OR
David J. Aronofsky
The University of Montana (Retired), Missoula, MT
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Jesse Bair
Burns Bair LLP, Madison, WI
Nannette A. Baker
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Missouri, Saint Louis, MO
Thad H. Balkman
District Court of Cleveland County, Oklahoma, Norman, OK
William W. Barrett
Williams Barrett & Wilkowski, LLP, Greenwood, IN
Steven L. Barth
Office of the Federal Public Defender, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
William Baude
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Michael M. Baylson
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Michael M. Berger
Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Mark I. Bernstein
Philadelphia, PA
Ashutosh A. Bhagwat
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Chesa Boudin
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Jeff J. Bowen
Lindemann Miller Bowen LLP, Madison, WI
Thomas H. Boyd
Winthrop & Weinstine, PA, Minneapolis, MN
Keith Bradley
Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP, Denver, CO
Peter Bray
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Houston, TX
Samuel L. Bray
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Jacquelyn L. Bridgeman
University of Wyoming College of Law, Laramie, WY
Richard R. W. Brooks
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
H. Thomas Byron III
Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC
Jean-Jacques Cabou
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Edmond E. Chang
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Yee Wah Chin
New York, NY
Laurence Paul Claus
University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego, CA
Zachary D. Clopton
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Jia Michelle Cobb
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Michael G. Colantuono
Colantuono, Highsmith & Whatley, PC, Grass Valley, CA
Kevin L. Cole
University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego, CA
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Kelsi B. Corkran
Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection, Georgetown Law, Washington, DC
Michelle Williams Court
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
Andrew Manuel Crespo
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Michael Crommelin
Melbourne Law School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Thomas L. Cubbage
The Center for American and International Law, Plano, TX
Rueben C. Cásarez
Wells Fargo & Co. (Retired), Evergreen, CO
Erin F. Delaney
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Kelly Dermody
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, San Francisco, CA
Anuj C. Desai
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Donald L. Doernberg
Pace University, Elisabeth Haub School of Law (Retired), Penn Valley, CA
James B. Dolan
Badger, Dolan, Parker & Cohen, Boston, MA
Joshua A. Douglas
University of Kentucky, J. David Rosenberg College of Law, Lexington, KY
Kevin J. Doyle
U.S. District Court, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
C. Wilson DuBose
DuBose Law Group LLC, Madison, GA
Avlana K. Eisenberg
Boston College Law School, Newton Center, MA
Ronald Eisenberg
Pennsylvania Attorney General's Office, Philadelphia, PA
Anne S. Emanuel
Georgia State University College of Law (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Ralph R. Erickson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit, Fargo, ND
Katie R. Eyer
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Roger A. Fairfax
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Richard G. Feder
Philadelphia, PA
Gary Feinerman
Latham & Watkins LLP, Chicago, IL
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
Paul J. Fraidenburgh
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Diego, CA
Bernard K. Freamon
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Alana Crowe Frederick
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, Birmingham, AL
Barry Friedman
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Marvin Garfinkel
Gladwyne, PA
Frederick Mark Gedicks
Brigham Young University, J. Reuben Clark Law School (Emeritus), Provo, UT
Benjamin D. Geffen
Public Interest Law Center, Philadelphia, PA
Steven S. Gensler
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Nancy Gertner
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Joseph M. Getty
Supreme Court of Maryland, Annapolis, MD
Llewellyn Joseph Gibbons
University of Toledo College of Law, Toledo, OH
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Christine Chambers Goodman
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Malibu, CA
David M. Gossett
Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, Washington, DC
Paul A. Gowder
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
John J. Grogan
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Simona Grossi
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Catherine M. Grosso
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
David W. Gruning
Loyola University New Orleans College of Law, Abita Springs, LA
Tracy Raffles Gunn
Gunn Appellate Practice P.A., Tampa, FL
Caitlin Halligan
New York State Court of Appeals, Albany, NY
Michael A. Harring
Chicago, IL
Rosemary Hart
U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC
Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Thomas Healy
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Arthur D. Hellman
University of Pittsburgh School of Law, Pittsburgh, PA
Lawrence K. Hellman
Oklahoma City University School of Law, Oklahoma City, OK
Stephen E. Henderson
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Richard Conrad Henke
Thomas M. Cooley Law School, Lansing, MI
B. Jessie Hill
Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH
Eric L. Hirschhorn
Winston & Strawn LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Gretchen Hoff Varner
Covington & Burling LLP, San Francisco, CA
Jerome A. Holmes
U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit, Oklahoma City, OK
C. Stephen Hsu
Beijing College of Politics and Law, Beijing, China
Edwin E. Huddleson
Washington, DC
Diane J. Humetewa
U.S. District Court, District Court of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
LaShonda A. Hunt
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Aziz Zahirul Huq
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Edward J. Janger
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Kirk C. Jenkins
Kahana Feld LLP, Half Moon Bay, CA
Richard Gibbs Johnson
RGJ LLC, Cleveland, OH
Anthony Johnstone
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Missoula, MT
Robb M. Jones
United Educators (Retired), Sterling, VA
Anil Kalhan
Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law, Philadelphia, PA
D. Arthur Kelsey
Supreme Court of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Orin S. Kerr
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Steve Kim
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Sarah M. Konsky
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Ajay Krishnan
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Erin C. Lagesen
Oregon Court of Appeals, Salem, OR
Ruxandra "Andra" Laidacker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Thomas S. Leatherbury
Thomas S. Leatherbury Law, PLLC, Dallas, TX
Evan Tsen Lee
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Thomas H. Lee
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Damon R. Leichty
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Indiana, South Bend, IN
Nancy Leong
University of Denver, Sturm College of Law, Denver, CO
Justin Levitt
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
George W. Liebmann
George W. Liebmann, P.A., Baltimore, MD
Erika F. Lietzan
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
Lewis J. Liman
U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, New York, NY
Susan M. Lin
Kairys, Rudovsky, Messing, Feinberg & Lin LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Mark J. Loewenstein
University of Colorado Law School (Emeritus), Boulder, CO
Andrés W. López
The Law Offices of Andrés W. López P.S.C., San Juan, PR
Gerard N. Magliocca
Indiana University, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indianapolis, IN
Jane E. Magnus-Stinson
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN
Julia D. Mahoney
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Patrick A. Malone
Patrick Malone & Associates, PC, Washington, DC
Suzette Malveaux
Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, VA
Jeffrey A. Mandell
Law Forward, Madison, WI
Lisa Marshall Manheim
University of Washington School of Law, Seattle, WA
Michael J. Mannheimer
Northern Kentucky University, Chase College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
C. Scott Maravilla
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC
Gonzalo C. Martinez
California Court of Appeals, Second District, Los Angeles, CA
Araceli Martínez-Olguín
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, San Francisco, CA
Steven L. Mayer
Arnold & Porter (Retired), San Francisco, CA
James T. McCartt
Triangle Peak Partners LP, Knoxville, TN
Marcia L. McCormick
St. Louis University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
John J. "Mike" McKetta
Graves, Dougherty, Hearon & Moody, PC (Retired), Austin, TX
M. Isabel Medina
Loyola University New Orleans College of Law, New Orleans, LA
Paul Mogin
Williams & Connolly LLP (Retired), Chevy Chase, MD
Alan B. Morrison
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Julian Davis Mortenson
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Derek T. Muller
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
David E. Nahmias
Jones Day, Atlanta, GA
Valerie M. Nannery
The American Constitution Society, Washington, DC
Jonathan R. Nash
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA
Robert G. Newman
Fulbright & Jaworski LLP (Retired), San Antonio, TX
Eric S. Nguyen
U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Washington, DC
Aaron L. Nielson
Brigham Young University, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Provo, UT
Oren Nimni
Peoples' Law Project, Amherst, MA
Joel W. Nomkin
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
Barbara O'Brien
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
James M. Oleske
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Mariela Olivares
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Sean Olivas
Jennings Haug Keleher McLeod Waterfall LLP, Albuquerque, NM
Eric R. Olson
Olson Grimsley Kawanabe Hinchcliff & Murray LLC, Denver, CO
Ryan Y. Park
McGuireWoods LLP, Raleigh, NC
Jeffrey A. Parness
Northern Illinois University College of Law, DeKalb, IL
John T. Parry
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Robert S. Peck
Center for Constitutional Litigation, PC, Washington, DC
Harvey S. Perlman
University of Nebraska College of Law, Lincoln, NE
Mary Kelly Persyn
Persyn Law & Policy, San Francisco, CA
Ashwin P. Phatak
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
P. Casey Pitts
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, San Jose, CA
Stuart A. Raphael
Court of Appeals of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Connor N. Raso
Carbon Measures, Washington, DC
Gerald S. Reamey
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Henry R. Reeve
Denver District Attorney's Office (Retired), Denver, CO
Daniel I.S.J. Rey-Bear
Rey-Bear McLaughlin LLP, Spokane, WA
Sarah E. Ricks
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Augustin Rivera
Del Mar Community College District, Corpus Christi, TX
Lauren K. Robel
Indiana University, Maurer School of Law, Falmouth, MA
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Russell K. Robinson
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Daniel B. Rodriguez
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Jacqueline C. Romero
Baker & Hostetler LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Robin L. Rosenberg
The Federal Judicial Center, Washington, DC
Bertrall L. Ross
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Thomas D. Rowe
Duke University School of Law, Marina del Rey, CA
Gabriel P. Sanchez
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, San Francisco, CA
Lynn Hecht Schafran
Legal Momentum (Retired), New York, NY
Mary M. Schroeder
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Phoenix, AZ
Michael Schwarz
Santa Fe, NM
Matthew R. Segal
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Washington, DC
Peter M. Shane
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Allen E. Shoenberger
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Stuart H. Singer
Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, Fort Lauderdale, FL
Matthew D. Slater
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, Washington, DC
Duston J. Slinkard
U.S. Attorney's Office, District of Kansas, Topeka, KS
Micah W.J. Smith
U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Carl A. Solano
Superior Court of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Sabita J. Soneji
Tycko & Zavareei LLP, Oakland, CA
Arthur B. Spitzer
American Civil Liberties Union of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Victor P. Stabile
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA
John W. Stamper
O'Melveny & Myers LLP (Retired), Los Angeles, CA
Jason P. Steed
University of Toledo College of Law, Toledo, OH
Daiquiri J. Steele
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
Adam N. Steinman
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
James Y. Stern
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
Paul David Stern
National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, CA
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Elizabeth S. Stong
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY
Seth W. Stoughton
University of South Carolina Joseph F. Rice School of Law, Columbia, SC
Jon B. Streeter
California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Four, San Francisco, CA
Catherine T. Struve
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Barry Sullivan
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Sarah L. Swan
Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ
Ria Tabacco Mar
American Civil Liberties Union, New York, NY
William H. Theis
Federal Defender Program (Retired), Lawrence, KS
David K. Thomson
New Mexico Supreme Court, Santa Fe, NM
Jay Tidmarsh
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Jon S. Tigar
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA
Daniel Patrick Tokaji
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Michael E. Tolbert
Tolbert & Tolbert LLC, Gary, IN
Raymond P. Tolentino
Cooley LLP, Washington, DC
Ethan V. Torrey
Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, DC
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Michael Troncoso
Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP, San Diego, CA
Robert L. Tsai
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Caroline S. Van Zile
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Paul J. Van de Graaf
U.S. Attorney's Office, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
Palmer Gene Vance II
Stoll Keenon Ogden PLLC, Lexington, KY
Louis J. Virelli
Stetson University College of Law, Saint Petersburg, FL
John L. Warden
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, New York, NY
David G. Webbert
Johnson Webbert, LLP, Topsham, ME
Joseph A. Wetch
Thompson, Coe, Cousins & Irons, LLP, Saint Paul, MN
Jonathan L. Williams
Latham & Watkins LLP, Washington, DC
Douglas P. Woodlock
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Eric H. Zagrans
Zagrans Law Firm LLC, Columbus, OH
Melvyn Zarr
University of Maine School of Law, Portland, ME
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY

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MCG Open
Open
Restatement of the Law,

Corporate Governance

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

The Institute first tackled the subject of corporate governance more than 25 years ago in Principles of the Law, Corporate Governance: Analysis and Recommendations. Although it provided valuable guidance in a new and unfamiliar area of law at the time, this area has evolved quite a bit in the intervening decades. This project examines the state of the law today and reflects it in a Restatement.

Corporate Governance Chart

At the 2024 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve Tentative Draft No. 2, which includes material from Chapter 5 on the Duty of Loyalty, including Sections on interested transactions involving a director or officer, non-transactional aspects of the duty of loyalty, and matters related to controllers, as well as two definitions, for “Director” and “Officer.”

At the 2022 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve the following from Tentative Draft No. 1: §§ 1.10, 1.23, and 1.24 of Chapter 1, Definitions; § 2.01 of Chapter 2, The Objective of a Corporation; §§ 4.01 and 4.02 of Chapter 4, Duty of Care and the Business of Judgment Rule; and §§ 5.01 and 5.10 of Chapter 5, Duty of Loyalty. After discussion, the Reporters agreed to revisit § 5.02. Accordingly, there was no vote on § 5.02.

All draft approvals are subject to the discussion at the meeting and usual editorial prerogative. 

* Preliminary Drafts and Council Drafts are available only to participants and the Council. Discussion Drafts and Tentative Drafts are available to the public after the Annual Meeting.

** Once it is approved by the Membership at an Annual Meeting, a Tentative Draft or Proposed Final Draft represents the most current statement of The American Law Institute's position on the subject and may be cited in opinions or briefs until the official text is published.

*** Chapter numbers are those used in the most recent draft or in the latest projected overall table of contents and may not correspond to the chapter numbers used in earlier drafts. 

Restatement of the Law
Off
RLCG - Restatement of the Law, Corporate Governance
Off
Edward B. Rock
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Marcel Kahan
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Elisabeth de Fontenay
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Frederick H. Alexander
The Shareholder Commons, Wilmington, DE
Randall J. Baron
Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP, San Diego, CA
Lucian Bebchuk
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Allison Bennington
PJT Partners, London, SW, England
David J. Berger
Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Palo Alto, CA
Andre G. Bouchard
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, Wilmington, DE
Elizabeth J. Cabraser
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, San Francisco, CA
John Joseph Cannon
A&O Shearman, New York, NY
Kathleen L. Casey
Patomak Global Partners, Washington, DC
John C. Coates IV
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
H. Rodgin Cohen
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, New York, NY
James D. Cox
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Frank H. Easterbrook
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Lisa M. Fairfax
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
John G. Finley
Blackstone Inc., New York, NY
Jill Fisch
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Ivan K. Fong
Medtronic PLC (Retired), Minneapolis, MN
Anne C. Foster
Richards, Layton & Finger, PA, Wilmington, DE
Merritt B. Fox
Columbia Law School, New York, NY
Stephen Fraidin
White & Case LLP, New York, NY
Kenneth C. Frazier
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ
Jesse M. Fried
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Joel Friedlander
Friedlander & Gorris, P.A., Wilmington, DE
Charles Gill
United Technologies, Farmington, CT
Ronald J. Gilson
Stanford Law School, San Francisco, CA
Jeffrey N. Gordon
Columbia Law School, New York, NY
Kevin Gross
Richards, Layton & Finger, Wilmington, DE
William H. Hinman
Simpson Thacher, Washington, DC
Jack B. Jacobs
Young Conaway Stargatt & Taylor, LLP (Retired), Wilmington, DE
Kent A. Jordan
Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A., Wilmington, DE
David Andrew Katz
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, New York, NY
Stanley Keller
Troutman Pepper Locke LLP, Boston, MA
Scott Kupor
Andressen Horowitz, Menlo Park, CA
William M. Lafferty
Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell LLP, Wilmington, DE
Douglas M. Lankler
Pfizer Inc, New York, NY
J. Travis Laster
Delaware Court of Chancery, Wilmington, DE
Mark Lebovitch
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Martin Lipton
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, New York, NY
Raymond J. Lohier
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, New York, NY
Simon M. Lorne
Millennium Management LLC, Austin, TX
Susan H. Mac Cormac
Morrison & Foerster LLP, San Francisco, CA
Deborah P. Majoras
P&G, Cincinnati, OH
Lori A. Martin
WilmerHale, New York, NY
David C. McBride
Young Conaway Stargatt & Taylor, LLP, Wilmington, DE
Kathaleen S. McCormick
Delaware Court of Chancery, Wilmington, DE
Christopher J. Meade
BlackRock, Inc., New York, NY
Amelia Miazad
University of California, Davis School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Judith A. Miller
Chevy Chase, MD
Robert H. Mundheim
A&O Shearman, Tucson, AZ
Annette L. Nazareth
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, Washington, DC
Eileen T. Nugent
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, NY
John F. Olson
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Ronald L. Olson
Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Vance K. Opperman
Key Investment, Inc., Saint Paul, MN
Gregory K. Palm
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, New York, NY
Roberta Cooper Ramo
Modrall Sperling, Albuquerque, NM
Anne E. Robinson
IBM, Armonk, NY
Steven R. Rodgers
Intel Corporation (Retired), Santa Clara, CA
Phillip T. Rollock
TIAA (Retired), New York, NY
Faiza Saeed
Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, New York, NY
Hillary A. Sale
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
William D. Savitt
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, New York, NY
Melissa Sawyer
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, New York, NY
Brian L. Schorr
Trian Fund Management, L.P., New York, NY
Collins J. Seitz
Supreme Court of Delaware, Wilmington, DE
Damon Silvers
AFL-CIO, Washington, DC
Peter Y. Solmssen
Abiquiu Valley Farm LLC, Abiquiu, NM
Larry W. Sonsini
Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Palo Alto, CA
A. Gilchrist Sparks
Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell LLP, Wilmington, DE
Myron T. Steele
Potter Anderson & Corroon LLP, Wilmington, DE
Karen Lynn Valihura
Supreme Court of Delaware, Wilmington, DE
Henry Weissmann
Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Mary Jo White
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, New York, NY
Gregory P. Williams
Richards, Layton & Finger, Wilmington, DE
Howard Brod Brownstein
The Brownstein Corporation, Conshohocken, PA
Afra Afsharipour
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Claudia H. Allen
KPMG LLP, Chicago, IL
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Dwyer Arce
Kutak Rock LLP, Omaha, NE
Jennifer H. Arlen
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Jerald David August
August Tax Law, P.C, Blue Bell, PA
Larry Catá Backer
Penn State Law, University Park, PA
Steven K. Balman
Shook & Johnson, Tulsa, OK
Michael St. Patrick Baxter
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Thomas C. Baxter
Law Offices of Thomas C. Baxter, Jr., LLP, Staten Island, NY
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
John S. Beckerman
New Harbor, ME
Mary Beckman
Massachusetts Attorney General's Office (Retired), Boston, MA
Alan J. Berkeley
K&L Gates LLP, Washington, DC
Nikhil Bodade
American Industrial Partners, New York, NY
Matthew T. Bodie
University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, MN
Christopher Bogart
Burford Capital, New York, NY
Mary Jane Bowes
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA
Willard L. Boyd
Nyemaster Goode, PC, Des Moines, IA
Rachel L. Brand
Walmart Inc., Bentonville, AR
Peter Bray
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Houston, TX
Tiffany Williams Brewer
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Jennifer M. Broder
Baker McKenzie, Los Angeles, CA
Michael K. Brown
Brown Gee & Wenger LLP, Walnut Creek, CA
Russell J. Bruemmer
WilmerHale (Retired), Washington, DC
Timothy W. Burns
Burns Bair LLP, Madison, WI
John P. Burton
Rodey Law Firm, Santa Fe, NM
Stephen Calkins
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
J. William Callison
Holland & Hart LLP, Denver, CO
Keira M. Campbell
American Express, New York, NY
Sergio J. Campos
Boston College Law School, Newton Center, MA
William Richard Casto
Texas Tech University School of Law, Lubbock, TX
Eric C. Chaffee
Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH
Jess Cheng
Sidley Austin, New York, NY
Jaclyn F. Cherry
University of South Carolina Joseph F. Rice School of Law, Columbia, SC
Douglas K. Chia
Soundboard Governance LLC, Princeton, NJ
Eric Chiappinelli
Texas Tech University School of Law, Lubbock, TX
Sylvia Fung Chin
White & Case LLP, New York, NY
Cynthia K. Ching
Department of Corporation Counsel, City and County of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
William H. Clark
Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Anne E. Cohen
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP (Retired), New York, NY
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Nathan A. Cook
Delaware Court of Chancery, Wilmington, DE
Daniel A. Cotter
Dickinson Wright PLLC, Chicago, IL
Pamela Craven
Amber Road, Inc., Edgartown, MA
Christopher Scott D'Angelo
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Kirti Datla
Earthjustice, Washington, DC
Patrick D. Daugherty
Foley & Lardner LLP, Chicago, IL
George A. Davidson
Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Anthony E. DiResta
Holland & Knight LLP, Washington, DC
Mihailis E. Diamantis
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
Joel C. Dobris
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Byron F. Egan
Jackson Walker LLP, Dallas, TX
Byron F. Egan
Jackson Walker LLP, Dallas, TX
Marguerite M. Elias
Gogo Inc., Chicago, IL
J. William Elwin
Novus Law LLC, Chicago, IL
David G. Epstein
University of Richmond School of Law, Richmond, VA
James A. Fanto
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Russell D. Feingold
The American Constitution Society for Law and Policy (Retired), Washington, DC
Boris Feldman
Freshfields US LLP, Redwood City, CA
Arthur Norman Field
Field Consulting Services LLC, New York, NY
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
Mark E. Foster
Law Offices of Mark Foster, Walnut Creek, CA
Paul J. Fraidenburgh
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Diego, CA
Caroline Rose Fredrickson
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
Joseph B. Frumkin
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Meredith Fuchs
Plaid Inc., Washington, DC
Eduardo Gallardo
Paul Hastings LLP, New York, NY
Paul R. Garcia
3M Legal Affairs, St. Paul, MN
Marvin Garfinkel
Gladwyne, PA
Nicholas L. Georgakopoulos
Indiana University, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indianapolis, IN
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Leonard H. Gilbert
Holland & Knight LLP (Retired), Tampa, FL
Daniel C. Girard
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Martin Glenn
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of New York, New York, NY
Carol Rose Goforth
University of Arkansas School of Law, Fayetteville, AR
Andrew Gold
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Elizabeth Goff Gonzalez
Eighth Judicial District Court, Clark County, Las Vegas, NV
Jeffrey J. Greenbaum
Sills Cummis & Gross P.C., Newark, NJ
Kent Greenfield
Boston College Law School, Newton Center, MA
Holly J. Gregory
Sidley Austin LLP, New York, NY
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Benjamin Gruenstein
Gruenstein Law PLLC, New York, NY
Steven M. Haas
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Richmond, VA
Anton G. Hajjar
Chevy Chase, MD
Sarah Hammer
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
James J. Hanks
Venable LLP, Baltimore, MD
Michael A. Harring
Chicago, IL
Genevieve Helleringer
University of Oxford, Cergy-Pontoise, France
Joan M. Heminway
University of Tennessee College of Law, Knoxville, TN
Andrew D. Hendry
Pinehurst, NC
William C. Heuer
Westerman Ball Ederer Miller Zucker & Sharfstein LLP, Uniondale, NY
Gregory Alan Hicks
University of Washington School of Law, Seattle, WA
Frances R. Hill
University of Miami School of Law, Washington, DC
Robert W. Hillman
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Eric L. Hirschhorn
Winston & Strawn LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Cornish F. Hitchcock
Washington, DC
Christina Michelle Houston
DLA Piper US LLP, Wilmington, DE
C. Stephen Hsu
Beijing College of Politics and Law, Beijing, China
Josh M. Hsu
Slingshot AI, New York, NY
John Patrick Hunt
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Lisa R. Jacobs
Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Edward J. Janger
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Matthew Christopher Jennejohn
Brigham Young University, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Provo, UT
Dalié Jiménez
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Kristin N. Johnson
U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Washington, DC
Lyman P. Q. Johnson
Washington and Lee University School of Law (Retired), Staunton, VA
Richard Gibbs Johnson
RGJ LLC, Cleveland, OH
Kenneth C. Johnston
Johnston Clem Gifford PLLC, Dallas, TX
Roscoe Jones
Drake Law School, West Des Moines, IA
Thomas W. Joo
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Maha Jweied
Responsible Business Initiative for Justice, Washington, DC
Jeffrey A. Kaplan
LyondellBasell Industries, Houston, TX
Robert R. Keatinge
Holland & Hart LLP, Denver, CO
Robert L. Kehr
Valensi Rose, APC, Los Angeles, CA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Daniel S. Kleinberger
Mitchell Hamline School of Law (Retired), Mendota Heights, MN
Donald J. Kochan
George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School, Arlington, VA
Sivan R. Korn
Womble Bond Dickinson (US) LLP, Tucson, AZ
David N. Kragseth
Guy Carpenter & Co., Philadelphia, PA
Ajay Bhanji Kundaria
Google LLC, San Francisco, CA
Daniel Laguardia
A&O Shearman, San Francisco, CA
Stephen P. Lamb
Delaware Court of Chancery (Retired), Wilmington, DE
Stewart M. Landefeld
Perkins Coie LLP, Seattle, WA
John K. Lawrence
Dickinson Wright PLLC, Ann Arbor, MI
Evan Tsen Lee
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Peter V. Letsou
University of Memphis, Cecil B. Humphreys School of Law, Memphis, TN
Addar Levi
Washington, DC
Penina K. Lieber
OGC Law LLC, Pittsburgh, PA
Gail A. Lione
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
Jonathan C. Lipson
Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA
Lynn M. LoPucki
University of Florida, Levin College of Law, Gainesville, FL
Mark J. Loewenstein
University of Colorado Law School (Emeritus), Boulder, CO
Houston Putnam Lowry
Ford & Paulekas, LLP, Hartford, CT
Thomas S. Lue
Google DeepMind, Mountain View, CA
Andrés W. López
The Law Offices of Andrés W. López P.S.C., San Juan, PR
Jonathan R. Macey
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Julia D. Mahoney
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
C. Scott Maravilla
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC
Hugh J. Marbury
Cozen O'Connor, Wilmington, DE
Jennifer S. Martin
Albany Law School, Albany, NY
Veronica Root Martinez
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Michael C. Massengale
JAMS, Houston, TX
Lloyd H. Mayer
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Douglas Earl McLaren
Law Offices of Douglas Earl McLaren, Washington, DC
Grace Lee Mead
Stearns Weaver Miller Weissler Alhadeff & Sitterson, P.A., Miami, FL
Benjamin Means
University of South Carolina Joseph F. Rice School of Law, Columbia, SC
Raffi Melkonian
Wright Close & Barger, LLP, Houston, TX
Randal S. Milch
New York University School of Law, Chilmark, MA
Joseph Scott Miller
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Paul B. Miller
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Robert T. Miller
The Antonin Scalia Law School at George Mason University, Arlington, VA
Theodore N. Mirvis
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, New York, NY
Douglas K. Moll
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Darren B. Moore
Bourland, Wall & Wenzel P.C., Fort Worth, TX
George Marshall Moriarty
Ropes & Gray LLP (Retired), Boston, MA
Kevin Reid Murray
Holland & Hart LLP, Salt Lake City, UT
Donna M. Nagy
Indiana University, Maurer School of Law, Bloomington, IN
Robert G. Newman
Fulbright & Jaworski LLP (Retired), San Antonio, TX
Jennifer Gillian Newstead
Apple Inc., Menlo Park, CA
Trevor S. Norwitz
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, New York, NY
Charles R.T. O'Kelley
Seattle University School of Law, Seattle, WA
Arden J. Olson
Miller Nash LLP, Portland, OR
Barak Orbach
University of Arizona, James E. Rogers College of Law, Tucson, AZ
John Edward Osborn
University of Washington School of Law, Chadds Ford, PA
Eric J. Pan
Investment Company Institute, Bethesda, MD
Henry L. Parr
Wyche, P.A., Greenville, SC
Jeffrey M. Pollock
Pollock Law, LLC, Furlong, PA
Karen Michelle Porter
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, Washington, DC
Norman M. Powell
Young Conaway Stargatt & Taylor, LLP, Wilmington, DE
Theresa J. Pulley Radwan
Stetson University College of Law, Gulfport, FL
Stephen A. Radin
Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Connor N. Raso
Carbon Measures, Washington, DC
E. Lee Reichert
Colorado Attorney General's Office, Denver, CO
Carla L. Reyes
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
Henry duPont Ridgely
Supreme Court of Delaware (Retired), Wilmington, DE
Thomas L. Riesenberg
Alexandria, VA
Armand James Robertson
Superior Court of California, City and County of San Francisco (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Michael Lindsay Robinson
North Carolina Business Court, Winston Salem, NC
Reginald L. Robinson
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Usha R. Rodrigues
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Blake Rohrbacher
Richards, Layton & Finger, PA, Wilmington, DE
Ronald S. Rolfe
Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Amanda Marie Rose
Vanderbilt University Law School, Nashville, TN
Paul Rose
Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH
Kenneth M. Rosen
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
Darren Rosenblum
McGill University School of Law, New York, NY
Rod J. Rosenstein
Baker & McKenzie LLP, Washington, DC
Victoria P. Rostow
National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Washington, DC
Allan R. Roth
Auburndale, MA
Irma S. Russell
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, Shawnee Mission, KS
Thomas E. Rutledge
Stoll Keenon Ogden PLLC, Louisville, KY
Donald J. Savery
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Paul Schlaud
Texas Mutual Insurance Co., Austin, TX
Mark E. Schneider
Kirkland & Ellis LLP, Chicago, IL
James C. Schulwolf
Shipman & Goodwin LLP, Hartford, CT
Steven L. Schwarcz
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Andrew A. Schwartz
University of Colorado Law School, Boulder, CO
Marc M. Seltzer
Susman Godfrey LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Randolph Stuart Sergent
CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Baltimore, MD
William P. Shelley
Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani, LLP (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Leopold Z. Sher
Sher Garner Cahill Richter Klein & Hilbert, LLC, New Orleans, LA
Robert E. Shields
Lakeview Capital, Inc., Birmingham, MI
Aaron D. Simowitz
Willamette University College of Law, Salem, OR
Evan Slavitt
Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law, Fort Mill, SC
Lorraine A. Smiley
TAK Advisory Limited (Retired), Seattle, WA
D. Gordon Smith
Brigham Young University, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Provo, UT
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Mary L. Smith
VENG Group, Lansing, IL
Victor P. Stabile
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA
Marc I. Steinberg
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
David E. Sternberg
Brown Brothers Harriman, New York, NY
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Elizabeth S. Stong
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Jim Odell Stuckey
Dominion Energy, Inc., Cayce, SC
Frank Sullivan
Indiana University, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indianapolis, IN
William E. Tanis
Ireland, Stapleton, Pryor & Pascoe, PC, Denver, CO
Jennifer S. Taub
Wayne University School of Law, Detroit, MI
Louise Ellen Teitz
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Kellye Y. Testy
The Association of American Law Schools, Washington, DC
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Anne M. Tucker
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Thomas A. Tupitza
Knox McLaughlin Gornall & Sennett, P.C., Erie, PA
E. Peter Urbanowicz
Alvarez & Marsal, Dallas, TX
Debra A. Valentine
Touchstones Discussion Project, New York, NY
R. Patrick Vance
Jones Walker LLP, New Orleans, LA
E. Norman Veasey
Gordon, Fournaris & Mammarella, P.A. (Retired), Winston Salem, NC
Julian Velasco
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Andrew Verstein
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Victor A. Vilaplana
Practus LLP (Retired), San Diego, CA
Victor D. Vital
Haynes and Boone, LLP, Dallas, TX
Chang Wang
Kingsfield Law Office, Bloomington, MN
John L. Warden
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, New York, NY
Manning Gilbert Warren
University of Louisville, Brandeis School of Law, Louisville, KY
Donald J. Weidner
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Steven O. Weise
Proskauer Rose LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Robert A. Wexler
Adler & Colvin, San Francisco, CA
Kelli Alces Williams
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Wendell Lewis Willkie
American Enterprise Institute, Darien, CT
David B. Wilson
David B. Wilson Dispute Resolution LLC, Denver, CO
James C. Wilson
Vestavia, AL
Gerard E. Wimberly
Akerman LLP (Retired), New Orleans, LA
Richard J. Wolf
The Secura Isaac Group LLC, New York, NY
LaVerne Woods
Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, Seattle, WA
Richard B. Zabel
Elliott Management Corporation, Brooklyn, NY
Jennifer Zachary
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ

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Restatement of the Law,

Torts: Miscellaneous Provisions

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This project is part of ALI’s ongoing revision of the Restatement Second of Torts. Portions of the Restatement Second have been superseded by the Restatement Third of Torts: Products Liability, Apportionment of Liability, Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm, and Liability for Economic Harm.

This Restatement addresses topics not covered in another part of the Restatement Third of Torts that either require updating since publication of the Restatement Second or were not previously addressed but should be covered in a modern torts Restatement. These topics include vicarious liability, wrongful death and survival actions, among others. 

Drafting of this project is completed; preparation of the official text is in progress.

The Council approved the initiation of this project in January 2019. Beginning with the drafts for the 2023 Annual Meeting, material on medical liability was produced separately as the Restatement of the Law Third, Torts: Medical Malpractice.

Restatement of the Law
On
RTCP - Rest. Third, Torts: Miscellaneous Provisions
Off
Nora Freeman Engstrom
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Brent R. Appel
Supreme Court of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Cheri L. Beasley
Raleigh, NC
J. Brett Busby
Supreme Court of Texas, Austin, TX
David G. Campbell
U.S. District Court, District Court of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Edward H. Cooper
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Jessica Davidson
Kirkland & Ellis LLP, New York, NY
Elizabeth Faiella
Faiella & Gulden, P.S., Winter Park, FL
Gary Feinerman
Latham & Watkins LLP, Chicago, IL
Richard H. Friedman
Friedman Rubin, Bremerton, WA
Mark Geistfeld
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Myriam E. Gilles
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Abbe R. Gluck
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Steve C. Gold
Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Mark A. Hall
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Heather Hansen
O'Brien & Ryan, LLP, Plymouth Meeting, PA
Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Stephen A. Higginson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, New Orleans, LA
Jill R. Horwitz
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Joshua D. Koskoff
Koskoff, Koskoff & Bieder, Redding, CT
Alexandra D. Lahav
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Beverly Baldwin Martin
JAMS, Atlanta, GA
Margaret Penny Mason
Barclay Damon LLP, New Haven, CT
Dayna Bowen Matthew
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Leigh Martin May
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
Kenneth Murphy
Philadelphia, PA
Leonard Jack Nelson
Samford University School of Law, Birmingham, AL
David Orentlicher
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Jim M. Perdue
Perdue & Kidd, Houston, TX
Philip G. Peters
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
Robert L. Rabin
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Christina C. Reiss
U.S. District Court, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
Ellen Relkin
Weitz & Luxenberg, PC, New York, NY
Julius N. Richardson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, Columbia, SC
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
William M. Sage
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Nadia N. Sawicki
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Marc M. Seltzer
Susman Godfrey LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Joanna Shepherd
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA
Laura Sigman
Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
Amy J. St. Eve
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
David Studdert
Stanford Law School, Palo Alto, CA
Thomas D. Waterman
Supreme Court of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
John Witt
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Jennifer Wriggins
University of Maine School of Law, Portland, ME
Allison Zieve
Public Citizen Litigation Group, Washington, DC
Adam S. Zimmerman
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Patrick Bailey
American College of Surgeons, Washington, DC
Laura A. Foggan
Crowell & Moring LLP, Washington, DC
Kyle Palazzolo
American Medical Association Office of the General Counsel, Chicago, IL
Marc T. Amy
Jones Walker LLP, Lafayette, LA
James M. Anderson
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
James K. Archibald
Wright, Constable & Skeen, LLP, Towson, MD
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Tom Baker
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Steven K. Balman
Shook & Johnson, Tulsa, OK
Jennifer S. Bard
University of Cincinnati College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
William T. Barker
Dentons US LLP (Retired), Chicago, IL
James M. Beck
Reed Smith LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Mark A. Behrens
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Neal S. Berinhout
AT&T (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Mary Jane Bowes
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA
Thomas H. Boyd
Winthrop & Weinstine, PA, Minneapolis, MN
Stuart N. Brotman
University of Tennessee, College of Communication & Information, Knoxville, TN
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
John P. Burton
Rodey Law Firm, Santa Fe, NM
Karen K. Caldwell
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Stephen Calkins
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
Martha E. Chamallas
The Ohio State University, Moritz College of Law (Retired), Brooklyn, NY
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
Michael G. Colantuono
Colantuono, Highsmith & Whatley, PC, Grass Valley, CA
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Christine Nero Coughlin
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Christopher Scott D'Angelo
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Keith L. Davidson
Law Offices of Keith L. Davidson, Crystal Lake, IL
Deborah A. DeMott
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Anthony M. DiLeo
Anthony M. DiLeo, APC, New Orleans, LA
John L. Diamond
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
James B. Dolan
Badger, Dolan, Parker & Cohen, Boston, MA
John Fitzgerald Duffy
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Holly A. Dyer
Foulston Siefkin LLP, Wichita, KS
Jordan Elias
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Richard G. Feder
Philadelphia, PA
Jay M. Feinman
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Arthur Norman Field
Field Consulting Services LLC, New York, NY
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
Paul J. Fraidenburgh
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Diego, CA
David R. Geiger
Product Liability Advisory Council, Inc., Clifton, VA
Sharon Stern Gerstman
Magavern Magavern Grimm LLP, Buffalo, NY
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Donald G. Gifford
University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
James Goudkamp
Oxford University, Oxford, England
Carlos Gómez Ligüerre
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Valerie P. Hans
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Paul T. Hayden
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Richard Conrad Henke
Thomas M. Cooley Law School, Lansing, MI
Stephen J. Herman
Fishman Haygood L.L.P, New Orleans, LA
Daniel Earle Hinde
Dan Hinde PLLC, Houston, TX
Sharona Hoffman
Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH
Roger F. Holmes
Biss & Holmes, Anchorage, AK
Kevin D. Jewell
Court of Appeals, Fourteenth District of Texas, Houston, TX
Vincent R. Johnson
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Allan Kanner
Kanner & Whiteley, LLC, New Orleans, LA
Gregory C. Keating
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
D. Arthur Kelsey
Supreme Court of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Leslie Carolyn Kendrick
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
Erik Knutsen
Queen's University School of Law, Kingston, Canada
Peter R. Kochenburger
Southern University Law Center, Baton Rouge, LA
Candace Saari Kovacic-Fleischer
American University, Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
Ronald J. Krotoszynski
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Joseph H. Lang
Carlton Fields, P.A., Tampa, FL
John P. Lavelle
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Steve Leben
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, Kansas City, MO
Lawrence C. Levine
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, CA
Michael E. Levine
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A., Miami, FL
William Parker Lightfoot
Lightfoot Law, Washington, DC
Kyle D. Logue
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
William Cullen MacDonald
Hawkins Delafield & Wood LLP (Retired), Richmond, VA
Solangel Maldonado
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Patrick A. Malone
Patrick Malone & Associates, PC, Washington, DC
D. Price Marshall
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR
Brett A. Mason
Troutman Pepper Locke LLP, Atlanta, GA
Lorelie S. Masters
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Washington, DC
Thomas Wm. Mayo
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
Richard J. McNeil
Crowell & Moring LLP, Irvine, CA
Stephanie A. Middleton
The American Law Institute (Retired), Greenbrae, CA
Jim A. Moseley
Gray Reed & McGraw, LLP, Dallas, TX
Luther T. Munford
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Valerie M. Nannery
The American Constitution Society, Washington, DC
Donal Nolan
University of Oxford, Worcester College, Oxford, England
James M. Oleske
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Robert M. Palumbos
Duane Morris LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Stephen Patrick Pate
Cozen O'Connor, Houston, TX
Robert S. Peck
Center for Constitutional Litigation, PC, Washington, DC
E. Farish Percy
University of Mississippi Law School, Oxford, MS
Jeffrey M. Pollock
Pollock Law, LLC, Furlong, PA
Polly J. Price
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA
Marlon A. Primes
Brennan, Manna & Diamond, Cleveland, OH
Ellen S. Pryor
UNT Dallas College of Law, Dallas, TX
Stuart A. Raphael
Court of Appeals of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Hugh Massey Ray
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, Houston, TX
Margaret Raymond
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Clifford A. Rieders
Rieders, Travis, Dohrmann, Mowrey, Humphrey & Waters, Williamsport, PA
Armand James Robertson
Superior Court of California, City and County of San Francisco (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Christopher T. Robertson
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Michael Lindsay Robinson
North Carolina Business Court, Winston Salem, NC
Daniel B. Rodriguez
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Joseph Sanders
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Nathan A. Schachtman
Center for Truth in Science, Haddonfield, NJ
Robert P. Schuster
Robert P. Schuster, P.C., Jackson, WY
Susan Sharko
Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Florham Park, NJ
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Carl A. Solano
Superior Court of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Shanin Specter
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Victor P. Stabile
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA
Jane Stapleton
The University of Sydney Law School, Sydney, Australia
Michael K. Steenson
Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Saint Paul, MN
Jeffrey W. Stempel
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Evan B. Stephenson
Spencer Fane LLP, Denver, CO
James Y. Stern
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Catherine T. Struve
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
John D. Taurman
Vinson & Elkins LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Jeffrey E. Thomas
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, Kansas City, MO
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Molly S. Van Houweling
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Victor D. Vital
Haynes and Boone, LLP, Dallas, TX
Elizabeth Weeks
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Merle Weiner
University of Oregon School of Law, Eugene, OR
Steven O. Weise
Proskauer Rose LLP, Los Angeles, CA
W. Bradley Wendel
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Nicholas J. Wittner
Michigan State University College of Law (Retired), East Lansing, MI
Douglas P. Woodlock
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Eric H. Zagrans
Zagrans Law Firm LLC, Columbus, OH
Carla C. van Dongen
State Farm Insurance Companies (Retired), Union Pier, MI

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Submitted motions will be reviewed for compliance with the motions procedures and submission instructions, which are on the 2025 Annual Meeting website. 

Once posted by staff, motions are visible to project participants and ALI members. Terms of Use

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Restatement of the Law Third,

Torts: Remedies

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This project is part of ALI’s ongoing revision of the Restatement Second of Torts. Portions of the Restatement Second have been superseded by the Restatement Third of Torts: Products Liability, Apportionment of Liability, Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm, and Liability for Economic Harm.

This Restatement covers several distinct types of issues. The first is identifying the types of damages that are recoverable, including past and future lost wages, medical expenses, disfigurement, pain and suffering, lost profits, and damage to property. The second type involves issues related to measuring damages, for example, discounting future earnings to present value, the effect of taxes, and the collateral-source rule. The third type is injunctions against threatened or continuing torts or to reverse the effects of completed torts. And the fourth type is other forms of monetary relief, such as nominal and punitive damages and restitution of unjust enrichment.

Status Chart

At the 2025 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve Tentative Draft No. 4, containing material from Topic 1, Injunctions, of Chapter 3 on Injunctions and Other Forms of Specific Relief, as well as two new Comments to previously approved sections—Comment h to § 43 (Availability of Injunctions) and Comment c to § 44 (Scope of Injunctions). 

At the 2024 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve Tentative Draft No. 3, which includes the remainder of Topics 1 and 2 of Chapter 1 (Compensatory Damages), all of Chapter 2 (Other Monetary Remedies), and material from Chapter 3 (Injunctions and Other Forms of Specific Relief).

At the 2023 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve portions of Tentative Draft No. 2, which contains sections from Chapter 1, Topic 1, General Rules for Measuring Compensatory Damages; all of Chapter 1, Topic 2, Injury to the Person; and a portion of Chapter 3, Topic 1, Injunctions. Sections 11, 26, and 27 were discussed but not presented for voting.

At the 2022 Annual Meeting, the following actions were taken on Tentative Draft No. 1:

  • A motion to amend § 8 failed.
  • A second motion to amend § 8 was withdrawn.

The membership voted to approve §§ 1-4, 6-8 of Tentative Draft No. 1. After discussion with the membership, Reporters agreed to present a revised § 5 at a future Meeting. Accordingly, there was no vote on § 5. The remaining sections of TD No. 1 that were not discussed due to time constraints will be presented at a future Annual Meeting.

All draft approvals are subject to the discussion at the meeting and usual editorial prerogative.

For more detailed information on this project please visit the Torts: Remedies page on The ALI Adviser. 

* Preliminary Drafts and Council Drafts are available only to participants and the Council. Discussion Drafts and Tentative Drafts are available to the public after the Annual Meeting.

** Once it is approved by the Membership at an Annual Meeting, a Tentative Draft or Proposed Final Draft represents the most current statement of The American Law Institute's position on the subject and may be cited in opinions or briefs until the official text is published.

*** Chapter numbers are those used in the most recent draft or in the latest projected overall table of contents and may not correspond to the chapter numbers used in earlier drafts. 

Restatement of the Law
Off
RTRE - Rest. Third, Torts: Remedies
Off
Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Ronen Avraham
University of Texas Law School, Austin, TX
Thomas A. Balmer
Supreme Court of Oregon (Retired), Salem, OR
Anita Bernstein
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Theodore J. Boutrous
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Samuel L. Bray
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Thomas A. Chaseman
American International Group, Inc., New York, NY
Steven M. Colloton
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit, Des Moines, IA
J. Gordon Cooney
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Karol Corbin Walker
Kaufman Dolowich & Voluck, LLP, Hackensack, NJ
Kelly Dermody
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, San Francisco, CA
Amy Poehling Eddy
Montana Eleventh Judicial District Court, Kalispell, MT
Nora Freeman Engstrom
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
James Fischer
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Andrew L. Frey
New York, NY
Daniel C. Girard
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Elizabeth Goff Gonzalez
Eighth Judicial District Court, Clark County, Las Vegas, NV
Michele Bratcher Goodwin
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
James E. Graves
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, Jackson, MS
Paul W. Grimm
U.S. District Court, District of Maryland (Retired), Greenbelt, MD
J. Michael Hennigan
McKool Smith PC (Retired), Los Angeles, CA
William F. Highberger
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Emily J. Joselson
Langrock Sperry & Wool, LLP (Retired), Middlebury, VT
Michael I. Krauss
The Antonin Scalia Law School at George Mason University, Arlington, VA
Leondra R. Kruger
Supreme Court of California, San Francisco, CA
David I. Levine
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, Berkeley, CA
Marin K. Levy
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Jean C. Love
Santa Clara University School of Law, Santa Clara, CA
Steve McManus
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Companies (Retired), Bloomington, IL
Carlos Eduardo Mendoza
U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida, Orlando, FL
Malini Moorthy
Argenx US, Inc., Boston, MA
Michael T. Morley
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Charles R. A. Morse
Jones Day, New York, NY
Monica M. Márquez
Supreme Court of Colorado, Denver, CO
Tonya Parker
116th Civil District Court of Texas, Dallas, TX
Harvey S. Perlman
University of Nebraska College of Law, Lincoln, NE
Thomas R. Phillips
Baker Botts L.L.P., Austin, TX
Robert W. Pratt
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
Ellen S. Pryor
UNT Dallas College of Law, Dallas, TX
Caprice L. Roberts
Louisiana State University, Paul M. Hebert Law Center, Baton Rouge, LA
Nicole A. Saharsky
Mayer Brown LLP, Washington, DC
Robert P. Schuster
Robert P. Schuster, P.C., Jackson, WY
Anthony J. Sebok
Yeshiva University, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, NY
Kannon K. Shanmugam
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, Washington, DC
Catherine M. Sharkey
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Emily L. Sherwin
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Peter K. Stris
Stris & Maher LLP, Cerritos, CA
William M. Tabb
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
John D. Taurman
Vinson & Elkins LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Samuel A. Thumma
Arizona Court of Appeals, Division One, Phoenix, AZ
Sarah S. Vance
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA
Jane M. N. Webre
Scott Douglass & McConnico LLP, Austin, TX
John Shepard Wiley
California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division Eight, Los Angeles, CA
Douglas P. Woodlock
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Marc T. Amy
Jones Walker LLP, Lafayette, LA
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Dwyer Arce
Kutak Rock LLP, Omaha, NE
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Jennifer S. Bard
University of Cincinnati College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Thomas H. Boyd
Winthrop & Weinstine, PA, Minneapolis, MN
Andrew D. Bradt
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Steve Brody
O'Melveny & Myers LLP, Washington, DC
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
John P. Burton
Rodey Law Firm, Santa Fe, NM
J. Brett Busby
Supreme Court of Texas, Austin, TX
Mauro Bussani
University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Patricia A. Cain
Santa Clara University School of Law, Santa Clara, CA
Karen K. Caldwell
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Stephen Calkins
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
David N. Calvillo
Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP, Houston, TX
Gregory A. Castanias
Jones Day, Washington, DC
Yun-chien Chang
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Gonzalo P. Curiel
U.S. District Court, Southern District of California, San Diego, CA
John M. Curran
New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Fourth Department, Buffalo, NY
Christopher Scott D'Angelo
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Anthony E. DiResta
Holland & Knight LLP, Washington, DC
John L. Diamond
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
A. Mechele Dickerson
University of Texas School of Law, Austin, TX
James B. Dolan
Badger, Dolan, Parker & Cohen, Boston, MA
Holly A. Dyer
Foulston Siefkin LLP, Wichita, KS
Allan H. Erbsen
University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, MN
Todd Espinosa
Law Office of Todd Espinosa, Redwood City, CA
Laura Viviana Farber
Hahn & Hahn LLP, Pasadena, CA
Muhammad U. Faridi
Linklaters Americas, New York, NY
April L. Farris
Fifteenth Court of Appeals, Austin, TX
Jay M. Feinman
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Arthur Norman Field
Field Consulting Services LLC, New York, NY
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
Judith K. Fitzgerald
Tucker Arensberg, P.C., Pittsburgh, PA
Marialuisa S. Gallozzi
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Joseph D. Garrison
Garrison, Levin-Epstein, Fitzgerald & Pirrotti PC, New Haven, CT
Larry T. Garvin
The Ohio State University, Moritz College of Law, Columbus, OH
James Paul George
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Mark P. Gergen
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Jacob E. Gersen
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Andrew Gold
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
James Goudkamp
Oxford University, Oxford, England
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Marcy Hogan Greer
Alexander Dubose & Jefferson LLP, Austin, TX
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Catherine M. Grosso
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
Emily C. Guenin-Hodson
Guenin Law Office, P.C., Wabash, IN
Deepak Gupta
Gupta Wessler LLP, Washington, DC
Carlos Gómez Ligüerre
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Steven M. Haas
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Richmond, VA
Kendyl T. Hanks
Greenberg Traurig, LLP, Austin, TX
Gregory R. Hanthorn
Jones Day (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Paul T. Hayden
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Richard Conrad Henke
Thomas M. Cooley Law School, Lansing, MI
Stephen J. Herman
Fishman Haygood L.L.P, New Orleans, LA
Tracy D. Hester
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Daniel Earle Hinde
Dan Hinde PLLC, Houston, TX
Roger F. Holmes
Biss & Holmes, Anchorage, AK
C. Stephen Hsu
Beijing College of Politics and Law, Beijing, China
Cisselon Nichols Hurd
Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Edward J. Janger
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Kevin D. Jewell
Court of Appeals, Fourteenth District of Texas, Houston, TX
Vincent R. Johnson
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Robb M. Jones
United Educators (Retired), Sterling, VA
Allan Kanner
Kanner & Whiteley, LLC, New Orleans, LA
Amy Keller
DiCello Levitt LLP, Chicago, IL
D. Arthur Kelsey
Supreme Court of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
David G. Klaber
K&L Gates LLP, Pittsburgh, PA
Christopher M. Klein
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of California, Vancouver, WA
Erik Knutsen
Queen's University School of Law, Kingston, Canada
Donald J. Kochan
George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School, Arlington, VA
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Joseph H. Lang
Carlton Fields, P.A., Tampa, FL
Adam Lauridsen
Keker, Van Nest & Peters LLP, San Francisco, CA
John P. Lavelle
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Brian C. Lea
U.S. District Court, Western District of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
Steve Leben
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, Kansas City, MO
Mark A. Lemley
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Lawrence C. Levine
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, CA
Jason L. Lichtman
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, New York, NY
Patrick A. Malone
Patrick Malone & Associates, PC, Washington, DC
D. Price Marshall
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR
Annika K. Martin
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, New York, NY
Miquel Martin-Casals
Institute of European and Comparative Law, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
Jonathan S. Massey
Massey & Gail LLP, Washington, DC
Lorelie S. Masters
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Washington, DC
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
Thomas B. McNamara
U.S. Bankruptcy Court for District of Colorado, Denver, CO
Kevin T. Merriman
Lippes Mathias LLP, Buffalo, NY
Paul B. Miller
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Paul Mogin
Williams & Connolly LLP (Retired), Chevy Chase, MD
Luther T. Munford
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Colleen P. Murphy
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
David E. Nahmias
Jones Day, Atlanta, GA
Valerie M. Nannery
The American Constitution Society, Washington, DC
Richard L. Neumeier
Morrison Mahoney LLP (Retired), Boston, MA
Carolyn H. Nichols
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Bala Cynwyd, PA
Donal Nolan
University of Oxford, Worcester College, Oxford, England
Joel W. Nomkin
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
James M. Oleske
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Eric R. Olson
Olson Grimsley Kawanabe Hinchcliff & Murray LLC, Denver, CO
Robert M. Palumbos
Duane Morris LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Michael H. Park
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, New York, NY
David F. Partlett
Emory University School of Law (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Robert S. Peck
Center for Constitutional Litigation, PC, Washington, DC
Amy M. Pepke
Kirkland & Ellis LLP, Houston, TX
E. Farish Percy
University of Mississippi Law School, Oxford, MS
Mark Elliott Plotkin
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Jeffrey M. Pollock
Pollock Law, LLC, Furlong, PA
Polly J. Price
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA
Marlon A. Primes
Brennan, Manna & Diamond, Cleveland, OH
Stuart A. Raphael
Court of Appeals of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Henry R. Reeve
Denver District Attorney's Office (Retired), Denver, CO
Clifford A. Rieders
Rieders, Travis, Dohrmann, Mowrey, Humphrey & Waters, Williamsport, PA
Jennifer K. Robbennolt
University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign, IL
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Reginald L. Robinson
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Thomas D. Rowe
Duke University School of Law, Marina del Rey, CA
Keith A. Rowley
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Joseph Sanders
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Nadia N. Sawicki
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Nathan A. Schachtman
Center for Truth in Science, Haddonfield, NJ
Timothy R. Schnabel
Law Reform Institute, Mc Lean, VA
Marc M. Seltzer
Susman Godfrey LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
D. Gordon Smith
Brigham Young University, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Provo, UT
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Henry E. Smith
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Carl A. Solano
Superior Court of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Carl L. Solomon
Solomon Law Group, Columbia, SC
Sabita J. Soneji
Tycko & Zavareei LLP, Oakland, CA
Victor P. Stabile
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA
Jane Stapleton
The University of Sydney Law School, Sydney, Australia
Daiquiri J. Steele
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
James Y. Stern
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
Paul David Stern
National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, CA
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Louise Ellen Teitz
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Michael Traynor
Cobalt LLP, Stinson Beach, CA
Palmer Gene Vance II
Stoll Keenon Ogden PLLC, Lexington, KY
Victor D. Vital
Haynes and Boone, LLP, Dallas, TX
Eugene Volokh
The Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Dennis J. Wall
Law Office of Dennis J. Wall, Winter Springs, FL
Merle Weiner
University of Oregon School of Law, Eugene, OR
Steven O. Weise
Proskauer Rose LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Joseph A. Wetch
Thompson, Coe, Cousins & Irons, LLP, Saint Paul, MN
Kennon L. Wooten
Scott Douglass & McConnico LLP, Austin, TX
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Thomas C. Wright
Wright Close & Barger, LLP, Houston, TX
Eric H. Zagrans
Zagrans Law Firm LLC, Columbus, OH
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Carla C. van Dongen
State Farm Insurance Companies (Retired), Union Pier, MI

Submitted comments will not immediately appear on this page. They are posted by ALI staff during business hours. 

Once posted by staff, comments are visible to project participants and ALI members. Terms of Use

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Restatement of the Law Third,

Torts: Defamation and Privacy

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This project is part of ALI’s ongoing revision of the Restatement Second of Torts. Portions of the Restatement Second have been superseded by the Restatement Third of Torts: Products Liability, Apportionment of Liability, Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm, and Liability for Economic Harm.

This Restatement addresses torts dealing with personal and business reputation and dignity, including defamation, business disparagement, and rights of privacy. Among other issues, the work will cover the substantial body of new issues relating to the internet.

Torts Defamation Chart

The Council approved the initiation of this project in January 2019. ALI members may join the Members Consultative Group.

* Preliminary Drafts and Council Drafts are available only to participants and the Council. Discussion Drafts and Tentative Drafts are available to the public after the Annual Meeting.

** Once it is approved by the Membership at an Annual Meeting, a Tentative Draft or Proposed Final Draft represents the most current statement of The American Law Institute's position on the subject and may be cited in opinions or briefs until the official text is published.

*** Chapter numbers are those used in the most recent draft or in the latest projected overall table of contents and may not correspond to the chapter numbers used in earlier drafts. 

Restatement of the Law
Off
RTDP - Rest. Third, Torts: Defamation and Privacy
Off
Lyrissa Barnett Lidsky
University of Florida, Levin College of Law, Gainesville, FL
Robert C. Post
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Anita L. Allen-Castellitto
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Kevin Baine
Williams & Connolly LLP, Washington, DC
Jack M. Balkin
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Samantha Barbas
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
Michael M. Baylson
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Wendy Beetlestone
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Sanford L. Bohrer
Holland & Knight LLP (Retired), Miami, FL
Tracie L. Brown
California First District, Court of Appeal, San Francisco, CA
Clay Calvert
University of Florida, College of Journalism & Communications (Retired), Gainesville, FL
Aloke S. Chakravarty
Saul Ewing LLP, Boston, MA
William J. Chriss
The Snapka Law Firm, Corpus Christi, TX
Danielle Citron
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Anuj C. Desai
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Jennifer Dorsey
U.S. District Court, District of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
Holly A. Dyer
Foulston Siefkin LLP, Wichita, KS
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
George Freeman
Media Law Resource Center, New York, NY
Amy Gajda
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
David R. Geiger
Product Liability Advisory Council, Inc., Clifton, VA
John C.P. Goldberg
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Roger L. Gregory
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, Richmond, VA
Robert C. Heim
Dechert LLP, Philadelphia, PA
James S. Hill
North Dakota District Court, South Central District, Bismarck, ND
Noel L. Hillman
FBT Gibbons LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Brian M. Hoffstadt
California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division Two, Los Angeles, CA
Lamont A. Jefferson
Jefferson Cano Allison Barkley PLLC, San Antonio, TX
Bruce E. H. Johnson
Davis Wright Tremaine LLP
RonNell Andersen Jones
University of Utah, S.J. Quinney College Law, Salt Lake City, UT
Adalberto J. Jordan
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, Miami, FL
Thomas R. Julin
Gunster, Miami, FL
Scott L. Kafker
Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Eileen Kaufman
Touro Law Center, Central Islip, NY
Leslie Carolyn Kendrick
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Paul Kleven
Law Offices of Paul Kleven, Berkeley, CA
Joseph H. Lang
Carlton Fields, P.A., Tampa, FL
Peter F. Langrock
Langrock Sperry & Wool, LLP, Middlebury, VT
Thomas S. Leatherbury
Thomas S. Leatherbury Law, PLLC, Dallas, TX
Lili Levi
University of Miami School of Law, Coral Gables, FL
David A. Logan
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Mary-Rose Papandrea
George Washington University Law School, Chapel Hill, NC
David F. Partlett
Emory University School of Law (Retired), Atlanta, GA
John Pelander
Supreme Court of Arizona (Retired), Tucson, AZ
Carlton W. Reeves
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Mississippi, Jackson, MS
Clifford A. Rieders
Rieders, Travis, Dohrmann, Mowrey, Humphrey & Waters, Williamsport, PA
Beth Robinson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, New York, NY
Jennifer E. Rothman
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Allison Jones Rushing
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, Richmond, VA
Robert D. Sack
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit
Pablo Salvador-Coderch
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
David A. Schulz
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Anthony J. Scirica
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, Philadelphia, PA
Virginia A. Seitz
Sidley Austin LLP, Washington, DC
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Rodney A. Smolla
Vermont Law & Graduate School, South Royalton, VT
Jon S. Tigar
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA
Charles D. Tobin
Ballard Spahr LLP, Washington, DC
Eugene Volokh
The Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
James Weinstein
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Linda Auerbach Allderdice
Holland & Knight LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Marc T. Amy
Jones Walker LLP, Lafayette, LA
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Dwyer Arce
Kutak Rock LLP, Omaha, NE
Enrique Armijo
Elon University School of Law, Greensboro, NC
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Charles L. Babcock
Jackson Walker LLP, Houston, TX
Steven K. Balman
Shook & Johnson, Tulsa, OK
Jennifer S. Bard
University of Cincinnati College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
Sandra S. Baron
Yale Law School Info. Society Project & Abrams Inst. for Freedom of Expression, New York, NY
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Neal S. Berinhout
AT&T (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Jonathan Biran
Supreme Court of Maryland, Annapolis, MD
Chesa Boudin
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Samuel L. Bray
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Richard R. W. Brooks
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Stuart N. Brotman
University of Tennessee, College of Communication & Information, Knoxville, TN
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
David J. Burman
Perkins Coie LLP, Seattle, WA
Alan Jay Butler
Electronic Privacy Information Center, Washington, DC
Jean-Jacques Cabou
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
Stephen Calkins
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
Sarah Keeton Campbell
Tennessee Supreme Court, Nashville, TN
Elena A. Cappella
Philadelphia, PA
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Nicole B. Casarez
University of St. Thomas, Evergreen, CO
Jonathan G. Cedarbaum
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Edmond E. Chang
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Pamela Chestek
Chestek Legal, El Dorado Hills, CA
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
Anne E. Cohen
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP (Retired), New York, NY
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Christina Crozier
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Christopher Scott D'Angelo
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
F. T. Davis
Dentons US LLP (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Michael K. Davis
Supreme Court of Wyoming (Retired), Cheyenne, WY
Michelle Madden Dempsey
Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law, Villanova, PA
Robert P. Deyling
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Washington, DC
Anthony E. DiResta
Holland & Knight LLP, Washington, DC
Mihailis E. Diamantis
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
John L. Diamond
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
James B. Dolan
Badger, Dolan, Parker & Cohen, Boston, MA
John Fitzgerald Duffy
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Jay M. Feinman
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Michael R. Fitzpatrick
Wisconsin Court of Appeals (Retired), Madison, WI
Victor B. Flatt
Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH
Joseph D. Garrison
Garrison, Levin-Epstein, Fitzgerald & Pirrotti PC, New Haven, CT
Jacob E. Gersen
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Nancy Gertner
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Donald G. Gifford
University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Matthew J. Ginsburg
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), Washington, DC
Eric Goldman
Santa Clara University School of Law, Santa Clara, CA
James Goudkamp
Oxford University, Oxford, England
Kent Greenfield
Boston College Law School, Newton Center, MA
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Patricia Guerrero
Supreme Court of California, San Francisco, CA
Mark A. Hall
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
David S. Han
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Malibu, CA
Gregory R. Hanthorn
Jones Day (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Michael A. Harring
Chicago, IL
Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Paul T. Hayden
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Thomas Healy
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Rex S. Heinke
Complex Appellate Litigation Group LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Stephen E. Henderson
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Mike Hintze
Hintze Law PLLC, Seattle, WA
Roger F. Holmes
Biss & Holmes, Anchorage, AK
C. Stephen Hsu
Beijing College of Politics and Law, Beijing, China
Edwin E. Huddleson
Washington, DC
J. Russell Jackson
Dowd Bennett LLP, Saint Louis, MO
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Kevin D. Jewell
Court of Appeals, Fourteenth District of Texas, Houston, TX
Richard Gibbs Johnson
RGJ LLC, Cleveland, OH
Vincent R. Johnson
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Robb M. Jones
United Educators (Retired), Sterling, VA
Roscoe Jones
Drake Law School, West Des Moines, IA
Anil Kalhan
Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law, Philadelphia, PA
Peter Karanjia
DLA Piper US LLP, Washington, DC
Gregory C. Keating
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Amy Keller
DiCello Levitt LLP, Chicago, IL
Rayna E. Kessler
Robins Kaplan LLP, New York, NY
Evelyn V. Keyes
Texas Court of Appeals, 1st District (Retired), Houston, TX
Jeff Kichaven
Jeff Kichaven Commercial Mediation, Los Angeles, CA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
Steve Kim
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
David G. Klaber
K&L Gates LLP, Pittsburgh, PA
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Candace Saari Kovacic-Fleischer
American University, Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
Ronald J. Krotoszynski
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
John P. Lavelle
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Timothy P. Law
Reed Smith LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Lawrence C. Levine
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, CA
John B. Lewis
Baker & Hostetler LLP (Retired), Shaker Heights, OH
Wallace K. Lightsey
Wyche, P.A., Greenville, SC
Lewis J. Liman
U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, New York, NY
Jessica D. Litman
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Andrés W. López
The Law Offices of Andrés W. López P.S.C., San Juan, PR
Patrick A. Malone
Patrick Malone & Associates, PC, Washington, DC
Hugh J. Marbury
Cozen O'Connor, Wilmington, DE
Steven L. Mayer
Arnold & Porter (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
John J. "Mike" McKetta
Graves, Dougherty, Hearon & Moody, PC (Retired), Austin, TX
Kevin T. Merriman
Lippes Mathias LLP, Buffalo, NY
Paul B. Miller
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Edward M. Mullins
Reed Smith LLP, Miami, FL
Luther T. Munford
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Christopher T. Nace
Nace Law Group Accident & Injury Attorneys, Washington, DC
Richard L. Neumeier
Morrison Mahoney LLP (Retired), Boston, MA
Donal Nolan
University of Oxford, Worcester College, Oxford, England
Joel W. Nomkin
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
Jennifer D. Oliva
Indiana University, Maurer School of Law, Bloomington, IN
E. Farish Percy
University of Mississippi Law School, Oxford, MS
Harvey S. Perlman
University of Nebraska College of Law, Lincoln, NE
Jeffrey M. Pollock
Pollock Law, LLC, Furlong, PA
Ellen S. Pryor
UNT Dallas College of Law, Dallas, TX
Manuel Alfonso Quinto-Pozos
Deats Durst & Owen PLLC, Austin, TX
Richard J. R. Raleigh
Womble Bond Dickinson (US) LLP, Huntsville, AL
Jason A. Rantanen
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
Terrance G. Reed
Lankford & Reed PLLC, Alexandria, VA
R. Anthony Reese
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Henry R. Reeve
Denver District Attorney's Office (Retired), Denver, CO
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Jacob H. Rooksby
Gonzaga University School of Law, Spokane, WA
Lauri Waldman Ross
Ross & Girten, Coral Gables, FL
Robert L. Rothman
Law Office of Robert L. Rothman, Atlanta, GA
Joseph Sanders
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Harry Sandick
Patterson Belknap Webb and Tyler LLP, New York, NY
Leticia M. Saucedo
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Nadia N. Sawicki
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Lynn Hecht Schafran
Legal Momentum (Retired), New York, NY
Robert P. Schuster
Robert P. Schuster, P.C., Jackson, WY
Marc M. Seltzer
Susman Godfrey LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Dan Shefet
Cabinet Shefet, Paris, France
William P. Shelley
Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani, LLP (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Paul M. Smith
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Carl A. Solano
Superior Court of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Carlos R. Soltero
Maynard Nexsen PC, Austin, TX
Andrew Z. Soshnick
Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Indianapolis, IN
Michael K. Steenson
Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Saint Paul, MN
James Y. Stern
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
Rhea C. Stevens
Law Office of Rhea Stevens, Pearland, TX
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Mary-Christine Sungaila
Complex Appellate Litigation Group, Newport Beach, CA
Sarah L. Swan
Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ
Louise Ellen Teitz
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Jay Tidmarsh
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Stacey Ann Tovino
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Michael Traynor
Cobalt LLP, Stinson Beach, CA
Deborah Tuerkheimer
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Ari Ezra Waldman
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Chang Wang
Kingsfield Law Office, Bloomington, MN
Merle Weiner
University of Oregon School of Law, Eugene, OR
Jack M. Weiss
Liskow & Lewis (Retired), New Orleans, LA
Nancy E. Weiss
Washington College of Law, American University, Washington, DC
Heather Welch
JAMS, Indianapolis, IN
W. Bradley Wendel
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Joseph A. Wetch
Thompson, Coe, Cousins & Irons, LLP, Saint Paul, MN
James F. Williams
Perkins Coie LLP, Seattle, WA
Douglas P. Woodlock
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Carla C. van Dongen
State Farm Insurance Companies (Retired), Union Pier, MI

Submitted comments will not immediately appear on this page. They are posted by ALI staff during business hours. 

Once posted by staff, comments are visible to project participants and ALI members. Terms of Use

Submitted motions will be reviewed for compliance with the motions procedures and submission instructions, which are on the 2026 Annual Meeting website.

Once posted by staff, motions are visible to project participants and ALI members. Terms of Use

MCG Open
Open
Restatement of the Law Third,

Torts: Intentional Torts to Persons

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This project is part of ALI’s ongoing revision of the Restatement Second of Torts. Portions of the Restatement Second have been superseded by the Restatement Third of Torts: Products Liability, Apportionment of Liability, Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm, and Liability for Economic Harm. 

This Restatement addresses other major avenues of recovery for physical and emotional harm to persons, with a focus on assault, battery, false imprisonment, including chapters on consent, self-defense, and other privileges.

Drafting of this project is completed; preparation of the official text is in progress.

A post on Torts Prof Blog examines Section 104 (now numbered Section 4), Purposeful Infliction of Bodily Harm, with regard to the Kurt Eichenwald seizure incident. Reporter Kenneth Simons is quoted in the piece.

For an in-depth description of this project, please visit the Intentional Torts to Persons page of The ALI Adviser.

Restatement of the Law
On
RTITP - Rest. Third, Torts: Intentional Torts to Persons
Off
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Marialyn Barnard
Texas Business Court, Division 4A, San Antonio, TX
James M. Beck
Reed Smith LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Mark A. Behrens
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Anita Bernstein
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
Robert L. Carter
Supreme Court of Illinois (Retired), Rock Island, IL
Martha E. Chamallas
The Ohio State University, Moritz College of Law (Retired), Brooklyn, NY
Robert P. Charrow
Global Virus Network, Chevy Chase, MD
Edward L. Chavez
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Philadelphia, PA
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Fourteenth Court of Appeals, Houston, TX
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Philadelphia, PA
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Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
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Biss & Holmes, Anchorage, AK
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Washington, DC
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Restatement of the Law Third,

Property

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This Restatement brings comprehensiveness and coherence to American property law. Subjects covered include the classification of entitlements, possession, accession, and acquisition; ownership powers; protection of and limits on ownership; divided and shared ownership; title and transfer; easements, servitudes, and land use; and public rights and takings.

Status Chart

At the 2025 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve Tentative Draft No. 6, which includes material from Volume 2 (Interferences with, and Limits on, Ownership and Possession), on ejectment, and Volume 4 (Divided and Shared Ownership), on concurrent ownership and leasing.

At the 2024 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve Tentative Draft No. 5, which includes material from Volumes 4, 5, and 7 on Leases, Title and Transfers of Ownership, Deeds of Conveyance, Recording, and Public Local Land-Use Recognition: Volume 4, Divided and Shared Ownership: Division Three, Leases, Chapter 1, Basic Provisions (§§ 1.1 to 1.3), Chapter 2, Forms of Leases (§§ 2.1 to 2.6), Chapter 4, Illegal Leases (§§ 4.1 to 4.4), Chapter 5, Lessee's Right to Possession (Intro. Note; §§ 5.1 to 5.7), Chapter 6, Interference with Lessee's Right to Use: Residential Tenancies (Intro. Note; §§ 6.1 to 6.4), Chapter 7, Interference with Permissible Use (Intro. Note; §§ 7.1 and 7.2), Chapter 8, Procedures for Invoking Lessee's Remedies (Intro. Note; §§ 8.1 to 8.4); Volume 5, Title and Transfers of Ownership (Intro. Note): Division One, Title, Chapter 1, Foundations (§§ 1.1 to 1.5), Division Three, Chapter 1, Effects and Types of Deeds (Intro. Note; §§1.1 to 1.4), Chapter 2, Delivery and Acceptance (§§ 2.1 to 2.3), Chapter 3, The Doctrine of Merger by Deed (Intro. Note; §§ 3.1 and 3.2), Chapter 4, Present Warranties of Title (Intro. Note; §§ 4.1 to 4.4), Chapter 5, Future Warranties of Title (Intro. Note; §§ 5.1 to 5.4), Chapter 6, Remedies for Breaches of Warranties of Title (Intro. Note; §§ 6.1 to 6.4), Chapter 7, Deed Requirements (Intro. Note; §§ 7.1 to 7.5): Division Four, Recording, Chapter 2, Types of Recording (Intro. Note; §§ 2.1 to 2.3), Chapter 3, Types of Notice (§§ 3.1 and 3.2), Chapter 4, Recording Errors Affecting Constructive Notice (§§ 4.1 to 4.5), and Chapter 5, Forgeries, Fraus, ad Incapacities Affecting Validity of Recording Title (Intro. Note; §§ 5.1 to 5.10); Volume 7, Public Local Land-Use Regulation: Division One, Zoning, Chapter 6, Flexibility Tools (Intro. Note; §§ 6.1 to 6.7) and Chapter 7, Nonconformities (Intro. Note; §§ 7.1 to 7.5).

At the 2023 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve Tentative Draft No. 4 through Volume 7, Division 1, Chapter 5. There was insufficient time to discuss Chapters 6 and 7 of Volume 7, Division I. A motion to amend §1.2A of Volume 2, Division I, Chapter 1 was withdrawn after Reporters presented edits to §1.2A in response to the motion.

At the 2022 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve Tentative Draft No. 3, which includes material from Volumes 2, 3, 4, and 7 on Nuisance, Bailments, The Estate System and Related Matters, and Zoning, Planning, and Subdivision: Volume 2, Interferences with, and Limits on, Ownership and Possession: Division One, Property Torts, Chapter 2, Private Nuisance; Prima Facie Case, Topic 1, Private Nuisance, Generally (§§ 2.1 to 2.4); Volume 3, Powers and Duties Associated with Ownership: Division Three, Bailments (§§ 1 to 16); Volume 4, Divided and Shared Ownership: Division One, The Estate System, Chapter 1, Forms of Ownership (§§ 1.1 to 1.3), Chapter 2, Present Interests: Classification (§§ 2.1 to 2.6), Chapter 3, Future Interests: Classification (§§ 3.1 to 3.5), Chapter 4, Maintaining and Simplifying the Estate System (§§ 4.1 to 4.6), and Chapter 5, Waste (§§ 5.1 to 5.2); Volume 7, Land Use: Division One, Zoning, Chapter 1, The Roots of Zoning (§§ 1.1 to 1.4), Chapter 2, Fundamental Concepts (§§ 2.1 to 2.6), Chapter 3, Regulating Land Use, Structures, and Lots (§§ 3.1 to 3.4); Division Two, Planning (§§ 1 to 3); and Division Three, Subdivision (§§ 1 to 5).

At the 2021 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve Tentative Draft No. 2, which contains material from Volumes 1, 2, and 3 on Possession, Trespass to Land, and Bailments: Volume 1, The Basics of Property: Division Two, Possession, Chapter 1, Possession (§§ 1.1, 1.8); Volume 2, Interferences with, and Limits on, Ownership and Possession: Division One, Property Torts, Chapter 1, Trespass to Land, Topic 1, Trespass to Land (§§ 1.1, 1.3-1.5); and Volume 3, Powers and Duties Associated with Ownership: Division Three, Bailments (§§ 1, 2).

All draft approvals are subject to the discussion at the meeting and usual editorial prerogative.

For an in-depth description of this project, please visit the Property page of The ALI Adviser.

* Preliminary Drafts and Council Drafts are available only to participants and the Council. Discussion Drafts and Tentative Drafts are available to the public after the Annual Meeting.

** Once it is approved by the Membership at an Annual Meeting, a Tentative Draft or Proposed Final Draft represents the most current statement of The American Law Institute's position on the subject and may be cited in opinions or briefs until the official text is published.

*** Chapter numbers are those used in the most recent draft or in the latest projected overall table of contents and may not correspond to the chapter numbers used in earlier drafts. 

Restatement of the Law
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Henry E. Smith
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University of St. Thomas School of Law, Minneapolis, MN
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Columbia Law School, New York, NY
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Baker & Hostetler LLP, Chicago, IL
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Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
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Goodwin Procter LLP, Boston, MA
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University of Toronto
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The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
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University of Toronto
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Heidelberg University
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University of Toronto Faculty of Law
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Max Planck Institute Luxembourg
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University College London Law
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University of Oxford, Worcester College, Oxford, England
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National University of Singapore
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University of Melbourne Law School
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Bessemer Trust, Atlanta, GA
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High Court of Australia, Canberra, Australia
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Kathleen J. Hopkins
Real Property Law Group PLLC (Retired), Seattle, WA
Lolita Buckner Inniss
University of Colorado Law School, Boulder, CO
John E. Iole
Jones Day (Retired), Pittsburgh, PA
Robert A. James
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Francisco, CA
Leslie Carolyn Kendrick
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Jeff Kichaven
Jeff Kichaven Commercial Mediation, Los Angeles, CA
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
Daniel S. Kleinberger
Mitchell Hamline School of Law (Retired), Mendota Heights, MN
Gerald Korngold
New York Law School, New York, NY
Kathryn Kovacs
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
William K. Kroger
Baker Botts L.L.P., Houston, TX
Andrew Kull
University of Texas School of Law, Austin, TX
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Herbert I. Lazerow
University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego, CA
Erika F. Lietzan
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
Carl H. Lisman
Lisman Leckerling, P.C. (Retired), Burlington, VT
Houston Putnam Lowry
Ford & Paulekas, LLP, Hartford, CT
Orlando Lucero
Fidelity National Financial Family Companies, Albuquerque, NM
Michael J. Madison
University of Pittsburgh School of Law, Pittsburgh, PA
Edward M. Mansfield
Supreme Court of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
C. Scott Maravilla
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC
Gonzalo C. Martinez
California Court of Appeals, Second District, Los Angeles, CA
Lorelie S. Masters
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Washington, DC
Robert L. McCurley
Alabama Law Institute, Tuscaloosa, AL
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
Nancy A. McLaughlin
University of Utah, S.J. Quinney College of Law, Salt Lake City, UT
Richard J. McNeil
Crowell & Moring LLP, Irvine, CA
Stephanie A. Middleton
The American Law Institute (Retired), Greenbrae, CA
Paul B. Miller
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Timothy M. Mulvaney
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Kevin Reid Murray
Holland & Hart LLP, Salt Lake City, UT
Alice M. Noble-Allgire
Southern Illinois University School of Law (Retired), Carterville, IL
Christopher K. Odinet
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Uma Outka
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Robert H. Pemberton
Texas Third Court of Appeals, Austin, TX
Kristina Pickering
Supreme Court of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
Thomas E. Plank
University of Tennessee College of Law (Emeritus), Knoxville, TN
Jeffrey M. Pollock
Pollock Law, LLC, Furlong, PA
Ellen S. Pryor
UNT Dallas College of Law, Dallas, TX
Hugh Massey Ray
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, Houston, TX
Henry R. Reeve
Denver District Attorney's Office (Retired), Denver, CO
David Jerome Reiss
Cornell Law School, New York, NY
Daniel I.S.J. Rey-Bear
Rey-Bear McLaughlin LLP, Spokane, WA
Sally Brown Richardson
Tulane University Law School, New Orleans, LA
Dan Robbins
Motion Picture Association, Inc., Calabasas, CA
Shannon M. Roesler
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
Margaret Ann Rolando
Shutts & Bowen LLP, Miami, FL
Jonathan Rosenbloom
Albany Law School, Albany, NY
Jeremy Ledger Ross
Amazon.com Inc., Seattle, WA
Keith A. Rowley
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Patricia E. Salkin
Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center, New York, NY
Ronald Joseph Scalise
Tulane University School of Law, New Orleans, LA
William H. Schorling
Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC (Retired), Dillon, CO
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Wenona T. Singel
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
Robert H. Sitkoff
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Lionel D. Smith
Brasenose College, Oxford, England
John M. Steadman
District of Columbia Court of Appeals, Washington, DC
Paul B. Stephan
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Stewart E. Sterk
Yeshiva University, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, NY
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Shale D. Stiller
DLA Piper US LLP (Retired), Baltimore, MD
Elizabeth S. Stong
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY
Lior Jacob Strahilevitz
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
John D. Taurman
Vinson & Elkins LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Robert H. Thomas
Pacific Legal Foundation, Sacramento, CA
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Thomas A. Tupitza
Knox McLaughlin Gornall & Sennett, P.C., Erie, PA
Chang Wang
Kingsfield Law Office, Bloomington, MN
Linda A. Wasserman
Honigman LLP, Bloomfield Hills, MI
Alan M. White
City University of New York School of Law, Long Island City, NY
Mary Jo Wiggins
University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego, CA
James A. Williams
Hughes Vanderburg Williams Booth PLLC, Austin, TX
Kelli Alces Williams
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Sjef van Erp
University of Trento, Italy, Berkel-Enschot , Netherlands

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