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Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence

Submitted by jmorinigo on

This project seeks to identify a set of principles, grounded in existing common-law tort doctrines, for assigning responsibility for harm caused by artificial intelligence systems. The project aims to help courts, regulators, and technologists understand the legal implications of artificial intelligence to help guide decision-making and provide clarity for all parties.

The Council approved the initiation of this project in October 2024. ALI members may join the Members Consultative Group.

Principles of the Law
Off
PLCLAI - Prin of the Law, Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence
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Mark Geistfeld
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Ketan Ramakrishnan
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Priya Aiyar
Warner Bros. Discovery, New York, NY
James M. Anderson
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
Anna Blackburne-Rigsby
District of Columbia Court of Appeals, Washington, DC
Ryan Calo
University of Washington School of Law, Seattle, WA
Jonathan G. Cedarbaum
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Che Chang
OpenAI, San Francisco, CA
Bryan H. Choi
University of Colorado Law School, Boulder, CO
Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar
Carnegie Endowment for Int'l Peace, Menlo Park, CA
Philip Dawson
Armilla AI, Toronto, Canada
Nora Freeman Engstrom
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Ivan K. Fong
Medtronic PLC (Retired), Minneapolis, MN
John C.P. Goldberg
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
David A. Gordon
Sidley Austin LLP, Chicago, IL
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Paul W. Grimm
U.S. District Court, District of Maryland (Retired), Greenbelt, MD
Peter Henderson
Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
Stephen J. Herman
Fishman Haygood L.L.P, New Orleans, LA
Aziz Zahirul Huq
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Rebecca Jacobs
Anthropic, PBC, San Francisco, CA
Neal Katyal
Milbank LLP, Washington, DC
Rob Keele
X.ai Corp., Palo Alto, CA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Carolyn B. Kuhl
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Travis LeBlanc
Cooley LLP, Washington, DC
Steven P. Lehotsky
Lehotsky Keller Cohn LLP, Washington, DC
Thomas S. Lue
Google DeepMind, Mountain View, CA
M. Margaret McKeown
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, San Diego, CA
Monica M. Márquez
Supreme Court of Colorado, Denver, CO
Justin A. Nelson
Susman Godfrey L.L.P., Houston, TX
Kevin C. Newsom
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, Birmingham, AL
Jennifer Gillian Newstead
Apple Inc., Menlo Park, CA
Sabastian V. Niles
Salesforce Inc., New York, NY
Marc Rotenberg
Center for AI and Digital Policy, Washington, DC
Michael Y. Scudder
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Catherine M. Sharkey
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Chinmayi J. Sharma
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Bryant Walker Smith
University of South Carolina School of Law, Columbia, SC
Andy Song
Google LLC, Mountain View, CA
Sandy Steel
The Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Wadham College, Oxford, England
Laura Stein
Mondelez International, Chicago, IL
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Danny Tobey
DLA Piper US LLP, Dallas, TX
Miriam Vogel
EqualAI, Washington, DC
Gerhard Wagner
Humboldt Universitaet Juristische Fakultaet, Berlin, Germany
Christiane C. Wendehorst
University of Vienna, Department of Civil Law, Vienna, Austria
Christopher S. Yoo
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Jonathan L. Zittrain
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Charles W. Adams
University of Tulsa College of Law, Tulsa, OK
Linda Auerbach Allderdice
Holland & Knight LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Laura I. Appleman
Willamette University College of Law, Salem, OR
Lady Just. Mary Arden
United Kingdom Supreme Court (Retired), London, England
David J. Aronofsky
The University of Montana (Retired), Missoula, MT
Denise E. Backhouse
Littler Mendelson, P.C., New York, NY
Steven K. Balman
Shook & Johnson, Tulsa, OK
Vanita M. Banks
Axiom, Chicago, IL
John Campbell Barker
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas, Tyler, TX
William P. Barnette
King & Spalding LLP, Atlanta, GA
Christine Pedigo Bartholomew
University at Buffalo School of Law, Buffalo, NY
Karl Bayer
Mediator, Arbitrator & Court-Appointed Neutral, Austin, TX
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Warren Belmar
Palm Beach, FL
Boris Bershteyn
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, NY
James J. Bilsborrow
Weitz & Luxenberg, PC, New York, NY
Christopher Bogart
Burford Capital, New York, NY
Jeff J. Bowen
Lindemann Miller Bowen LLP, Madison, WI
Enrique Braquehais
Spain State Attorney General's Office, Balearic Islands, Spain
Samuel L. Bray
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Tiffany Williams Brewer
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Steve Brody
O'Melveny & Myers LLP, Washington, DC
Stuart N. Brotman
University of Tennessee, College of Communication & Information, Knoxville, TN
John G. Browning
Faulkner University School of Law, Montgomery, AL
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
John G. Buchanan III
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
K. King Burnett
Webb Burnett Cornbrooks (Retired), Stow, MA
Timothy W. Burns
Burns Bair LLP, Madison, WI
John P. Burton
Rodey Law Firm, Santa Fe, NM
Alan Jay Butler
Electronic Privacy Information Center, Washington, DC
David N. Calvillo
Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP, Houston, TX
Elena A. Cappella
Philadelphia, PA
Vincent P. Cardi
West Virginia University College of Law, Morgantown, WV
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Rose Cecile Chan Loui
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Wendy Chang
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Yee Wah Chin
New York, NY
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
David S. Coale
Lynn Pinker Hurst & Schwegmann LLP, Dallas, TX
Neil B. Cohen
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Nathan Cortez
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
Michelle Williams Court
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
Deborah A. DeMott
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Tara M. Desautels
California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Two, San Francisco, CA
Anthony E. DiResta
Holland & Knight LLP, Washington, DC
Mihailis E. Diamantis
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
Christopher R. Drahozal
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Roger A. Fairfax
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Boris Feldman
Freshfields US LLP, Redwood City, CA
Susan S. Fortney
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Angela Foster
Law Office of Angela Foster, North Brunswick, NJ
Kenneth S. Gallant
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, William H. Bowen School of Law (Retired), Sequim, WA
Marialuisa S. Gallozzi
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Marvin Garfinkel
Gladwyne, PA
David R. Geiger
Product Liability Advisory Council, Inc., Clifton, VA
Joshua Alexander Geltzer
WilmerHale, Washington, DC
Robert L. Geltzer
Law Offices of Robert L. Geltzer, New York, NY
Beth George
Freshfields US LLP, Redwood City, CA
Llewellyn Joseph Gibbons
University of Toledo College of Law, Toledo, OH
Matthew J. Ginsburg
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), Washington, DC
Daniel C. Girard
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Allison H. Goddard
U.S. District Court, Southern District of California, San Diego, CA
Andrew Gold
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA
Christine Chambers Goodman
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Malibu, CA
Alex L. Groden
Bartlit Beck LLP, Chicago, IL
John J. Grogan
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Deepak Gupta
Gupta Wessler LLP, Washington, DC
Peter E. Halle
Coconut Grove, FL
Sarah Hammer
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Milli Kanani Hansen
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Washington, DC
Genevieve Helleringer
University of Oxford, Cergy-Pontoise, France
Stephen E. Henderson
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Eric L. Hirschhorn
Winston & Strawn LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Adam L. Hoeflich
Bartlit Beck LLP, Chicago, IL
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Robert H. Jerry
University of Missouri School of Law, Gainesville, FL
Trina Jones
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Michele C. Kane
The Walt Disney Company (Retired), Burbank, CA
Cem Kaner
Guelph, ON, Canada
Curtis E.A. Karnow
Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco (Retired), San Rafael, CA
Gregory C. Keating
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Robert R. Keatinge
Holland & Hart LLP, Denver, CO
Amy Keller
DiCello Levitt LLP, Chicago, IL
D. Arthur Kelsey
Supreme Court of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Laura M. Kim
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
Christopher M. Klein
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of California, Vancouver, WA
Erik Knutsen
Queen's University School of Law, Kingston, Canada
Peter R. Kochenburger
Southern University Law Center, Baton Rouge, LA
Ajay Bhanji Kundaria
Google LLC, San Francisco, CA
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Daniel Laguardia
A&O Shearman, San Francisco, CA
Ruxandra "Andra" Laidacker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Peter E. Leckman
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Ronald D. Lee
Arnold & Porter, Washington, DC
Damon R. Leichty
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Indiana, South Bend, IN
Elizabeth Byer Leonard
238th Judicial District Court, Midland County, Midland, TX
Michael E. Levine
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A., Miami, FL
Gerard J. Lewis
Phoenix, AZ
Jason L. Lichtman
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, New York, NY
Lyrissa Barnett Lidsky
University of Florida, Levin College of Law, Gainesville, FL
Erika F. Lietzan
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
John Linarelli
University of Pittsburgh School of Law, Pittsburgh, PA
Houston Putnam Lowry
Ford & Paulekas, LLP, Hartford, CT
Hugh J. Marbury
Cozen O'Connor, Wilmington, DE
Gary E. Marchant
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
Richard D. Marks
Health Record Banking Alliance, Charlottesville, VA
Annika K. Martin
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, New York, NY
Miquel Martin-Casals
Institute of European and Comparative Law, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
Gonzalo C. Martinez
California Court of Appeals, Second District, Los Angeles, CA
Araceli Martínez-Olguín
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, San Francisco, CA
Lorelie S. Masters
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Washington, DC
Alfred D. Mathewson
University of New Mexico School of Law, Albuquerque, NM
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
Kevin H. Michels
The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
Alan B. Morrison
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Charles R. A. Morse
Jones Day, New York, NY
Edward M. Mullins
Reed Smith LLP, Miami, FL
Colleen P. Murphy
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Gary Myers
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
Christopher T. Nace
Nace Law Group Accident & Injury Attorneys, Washington, DC
Gerald L. Neuman
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
George M. Newcombe
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP (Retired), Palo Alto, CA
Victoria S. Nugent
Democracy Forward, Washington, DC
Arden J. Olson
Miller Nash LLP, Portland, OR
David W. Opderbeck
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Lisa Larrimore Ouellette
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Ryan Y. Park
McGuireWoods LLP, Raleigh, NC
Wendy L. Patrick
County of San Diego District Attorney's Office, San Diego, CA
Tracy Hresko Pearl
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Harvey S. Perlman
University of Nebraska College of Law, Lincoln, NE
Mary Kelly Persyn
Persyn Law & Policy, San Francisco, CA
Ellen S. Podgor
Stetson University College of Law, Gulfport, FL
Robert C. Post
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Henry R. Reeve
Denver District Attorney's Office (Retired), Denver, CO
Carla L. Reyes
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
Jennifer K. Robbennolt
University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign, IL
Armand James Robertson
Superior Court of California, City and County of San Francisco (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Christopher T. Robertson
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
W. Keith Robinson
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Daniel B. Rodriguez
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Jacqueline C. Romero
Baker & Hostetler LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Harry Sandick
Patterson Belknap Webb and Tyler LLP, New York, NY
Timothy R. Schnabel
Law Reform Institute, Mc Lean, VA
Mary M. Schroeder
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Phoenix, AZ
Sarah O. Schrup
Appellate Advisory LLC, Chicago, IL
Robert P. Schuster
Robert P. Schuster, P.C., Jackson, WY
Daniel Schwarcz
University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, MN
Matthew R. Segal
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Washington, DC
Laura A. Seigle
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Sopen B. Shah
Perkins Coie LLP, Madison, WI
Leopold Z. Sher
Sher Garner Cahill Richter Klein & Hilbert, LLC, New Orleans, LA
Joaquin Silguero Estagnan
General Council of the Judiciary, San Sebastián, Spain
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Reagan W. Simpson
Yetter Coleman LLP, Houston, TX
George Prescott Slover
Center for Democracy & Technology, Washington, DC
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Henry E. Smith
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Mary L. Smith
VENG Group, Lansing, IL
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Daiquiri J. Steele
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Jon B. Streeter
California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Four, San Francisco, CA
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Keith Swisher
University of Arizona, James E. Rogers College of Law, Tucson, AZ
Margaret L. Taylor
U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (SFRC), Washington, DC
Lucy L. Thomson
Livingston PLLC, Washington, DC
Andrew W. Torrance
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Marketa Trimble
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Liza Vertinsky
University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Gavin R. Villareal
Baker Botts L.L.P., Austin, TX
J. Henry Walker IV
Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP, Atlanta, GA
Ryan J. Walsh
Eimer Stahl LLP, Madison, WI
Aviva Wein
Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ
Steven O. Weise
Proskauer Rose LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Kimberly West-Faulcon
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
David B. Wilson
David B. Wilson Dispute Resolution LLC, Denver, CO
Nicholas J. Wittner
Michigan State University College of Law (Retired), East Lansing, MI
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Shira R. Yoshor
Greenberg Traurig, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Peter K. Yu
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX

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MCG Open
Open
Principles of the Law,

Torts: Medical Malpractice

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This project is part of ALI’s ongoing revision of the Restatement Second of Torts. Portions of the Restatement Second have been superseded by the Restatement Third of Torts: Products Liability, Apportionment of Liability, Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm, and Liability for Economic Harm.

This Restatement addresses medical liability.

Drafting of this project is completed; preparation of the official text is in progress.

This project was initially part of Torts: Miscellaneous Provisions but was produced separately beginning with the Tentative Draft for the 2023 Annual Meeting.

Restatement of the Law
On
RTMM - Rest. Third, Torts: Medical Malpractice
Off
Nora Freeman Engstrom
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Mark A. Hall
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Brent R. Appel
Supreme Court of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Cheri L. Beasley
Raleigh, NC
J. Brett Busby
Supreme Court of Texas, Austin, TX
David G. Campbell
U.S. District Court, District Court of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Edward H. Cooper
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Jessica Davidson
Kirkland & Ellis LLP, New York, NY
Elizabeth Faiella
Faiella & Gulden, P.S., Winter Park, FL
Gary Feinerman
Latham & Watkins LLP, Chicago, IL
Richard H. Friedman
Friedman Rubin, Bremerton, WA
Mark Geistfeld
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Myriam E. Gilles
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Abbe R. Gluck
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Steve C. Gold
Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Heather Hansen
O'Brien & Ryan, LLP, Plymouth Meeting, PA
Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Stephen A. Higginson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, New Orleans, LA
Jill R. Horwitz
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Joshua D. Koskoff
Koskoff, Koskoff & Bieder, Redding, CT
Alexandra D. Lahav
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Beverly Baldwin Martin
JAMS, Atlanta, GA
Margaret Penny Mason
Barclay Damon LLP, New Haven, CT
Dayna Bowen Matthew
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Leigh Martin May
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
Kenneth Murphy
Philadelphia, PA
Leonard Jack Nelson
Samford University School of Law, Birmingham, AL
Devin O'Brien
The Doctors Company, Napa, CA
David Orentlicher
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Jim M. Perdue
Perdue & Kidd, Houston, TX
Philip G. Peters
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
Robert L. Rabin
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Christina C. Reiss
U.S. District Court, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
Ellen Relkin
Weitz & Luxenberg, PC, New York, NY
Julius N. Richardson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, Columbia, SC
Christopher T. Robertson
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
William M. Sage
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Nadia N. Sawicki
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Marc M. Seltzer
Susman Godfrey LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Joanna Shepherd
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA
Laura Sigman
Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
Amy J. St. Eve
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
David Studdert
Stanford Law School, Palo Alto, CA
Thomas D. Waterman
Supreme Court of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
Malcolm E. Wheeler
Wheeler Trigg O'Donnell LLP, Denver, CO
John Witt
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Jennifer Wriggins
University of Maine School of Law, Portland, ME
Allison Zieve
Public Citizen Litigation Group, Washington, DC
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Patrick Bailey
American College of Surgeons, Washington, DC
Laura A. Foggan
Crowell & Moring LLP, Washington, DC
Kyle Palazzolo
American Medical Association Office of the General Counsel, Chicago, IL
Marc T. Amy
Jones Walker LLP, Lafayette, LA
James M. Anderson
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Tom Baker
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Steven K. Balman
Shook & Johnson, Tulsa, OK
Jennifer S. Bard
University of Cincinnati College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
William T. Barker
Dentons US LLP (Retired), Chicago, IL
James M. Beck
Reed Smith LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Neal S. Berinhout
AT&T (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
John P. Burton
Rodey Law Firm, Santa Fe, NM
Karen K. Caldwell
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Stephen Calkins
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
Elena A. Cappella
Philadelphia, PA
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Christine Nero Coughlin
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Christopher Scott D'Angelo
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Keith L. Davidson
Law Offices of Keith L. Davidson, Crystal Lake, IL
Deborah A. DeMott
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Arthur R. Derse
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
Anthony M. DiLeo
Anthony M. DiLeo, APC, New Orleans, LA
John L. Diamond
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
James B. Dolan
Badger, Dolan, Parker & Cohen, Boston, MA
John Fitzgerald Duffy
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Holly A. Dyer
Foulston Siefkin LLP, Wichita, KS
Jordan Elias
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Richard G. Feder
Philadelphia, PA
Jay M. Feinman
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Arthur Norman Field
Field Consulting Services LLC, New York, NY
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
Paul J. Fraidenburgh
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Diego, CA
David R. Geiger
Product Liability Advisory Council, Inc., Clifton, VA
Sharon Stern Gerstman
Magavern Magavern Grimm LLP, Buffalo, NY
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
James Goudkamp
Oxford University, Oxford, England
Valerie P. Hans
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Paul T. Hayden
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Richard Conrad Henke
Thomas M. Cooley Law School, Lansing, MI
Daniel Earle Hinde
Dan Hinde PLLC, Houston, TX
Sharona Hoffman
Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH
Roger F. Holmes
Biss & Holmes, Anchorage, AK
Kevin D. Jewell
Court of Appeals, Fourteenth District of Texas, Houston, TX
Vincent R. Johnson
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Allan Kanner
Kanner & Whiteley, LLC, New Orleans, LA
Leslie Carolyn Kendrick
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
Erik Knutsen
Queen's University School of Law, Kingston, Canada
Ronald J. Krotoszynski
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Joseph H. Lang
Carlton Fields, P.A., Tampa, FL
John P. Lavelle
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Lawrence C. Levine
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, CA
Michael E. Levine
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A., Miami, FL
William Parker Lightfoot
Lightfoot Law, Washington, DC
Kyle D. Logue
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
William Cullen MacDonald
Hawkins Delafield & Wood LLP (Retired), Richmond, VA
Solangel Maldonado
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Patrick A. Malone
Patrick Malone & Associates, PC, Washington, DC
D. Price Marshall
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR
Thomas Wm. Mayo
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
Stephanie A. Middleton
The American Law Institute (Retired), Greenbrae, CA
Jim A. Moseley
Gray Reed & McGraw, LLP, Dallas, TX
Luther T. Munford
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Valerie M. Nannery
The American Constitution Society, Washington, DC
Donal Nolan
University of Oxford, Worcester College, Oxford, England
James M. Oleske
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Ken Oliphant
University of Bristol Law School, Bristol, England
Robert S. Peck
Center for Constitutional Litigation, PC, Washington, DC
E. Farish Percy
University of Mississippi Law School, Oxford, MS
Jeffrey M. Pollock
Pollock Law, LLC, Furlong, PA
Marlon A. Primes
Brennan, Manna & Diamond, Cleveland, OH
Ellen S. Pryor
UNT Dallas College of Law, Dallas, TX
Stuart A. Raphael
Court of Appeals of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Clifford A. Rieders
Rieders, Travis, Dohrmann, Mowrey, Humphrey & Waters, Williamsport, PA
Armand James Robertson
Superior Court of California, City and County of San Francisco (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Michael Lindsay Robinson
North Carolina Business Court, Winston Salem, NC
Daniel B. Rodriguez
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Joseph Sanders
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Nathan A. Schachtman
Center for Truth in Science, Haddonfield, NJ
Robert P. Schuster
Robert P. Schuster, P.C., Jackson, WY
Myra C. Selby
Ice Miller LLP, Indianapolis, IN
Susan Sharko
Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Florham Park, NJ
Richard A. Silver
Silver Golub & Teitell LLP, Stamford, CT
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Carl A. Solano
Superior Court of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Shanin Specter
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Victor P. Stabile
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA
Jane Stapleton
The University of Sydney Law School, Sydney, Australia
Michael K. Steenson
Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Saint Paul, MN
Evan B. Stephenson
Spencer Fane LLP, Denver, CO
James Y. Stern
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Catherine T. Struve
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
John D. Taurman
Vinson & Elkins LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
David K. Thomson
New Mexico Supreme Court, Santa Fe, NM
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Victor D. Vital
Haynes and Boone, LLP, Dallas, TX
Elizabeth Weeks
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Merle Weiner
University of Oregon School of Law, Eugene, OR
Steven O. Weise
Proskauer Rose LLP, Los Angeles, CA
W. Bradley Wendel
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Nicholas J. Wittner
Michigan State University College of Law (Retired), East Lansing, MI
Douglas P. Woodlock
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Eric H. Zagrans
Zagrans Law Firm LLC, Columbus, OH
Carla C. van Dongen
State Farm Insurance Companies (Retired), Union Pier, MI
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Restatement of the Law Third,

Constitutional Torts

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This Restatement will examine the law of individual rights to sue government employees and others “acting under color of state law” under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Bivens actions. It will also cover restrictions on § 1983 actions imposed by the Prison Litigation Reform Act and the overlapping law of federal habeas corpus.

Constitutional Torts Chart

The Council approved the initiation of this project in October 2022. ALI members may join the Members Consultative Group.

* Preliminary Drafts and Council Drafts are available only to participants and the Council. Discussion Drafts and Tentative Drafts are available to the public after the Annual Meeting.

** Once it is approved by the Membership at an Annual Meeting, a Tentative Draft or Proposed Final Draft represents the most current statement of The American Law Institute's position on the subject and may be cited in opinions or briefs until the official text is published.

*** Chapter numbers are those used in the most recent draft or in the latest projected overall table of contents and may not correspond to the chapter numbers used in earlier drafts. 

Restatement of the Law
Off
RLCT - Restatement of the Law, Constitutional Torts
Off
John Calvin Jeffries
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Pamela S. Karlan
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Alan K. Chen
University of Denver, Sturm College of Law, Denver, CO
James E. Pfander
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Fred O. Smith
Stanford Law School, Palo Alto, CA
Michael Wells
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Donald B. Ayer
Georgetown University Law Center, Mc Lean, VA
William Baude
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Jack Beermann
Boston University School of Law
Wendy Beetlestone
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Anya Bidwell
Institute for Justice, Arlington, VA
Karen Blum
Suffolk University Law School, Boston, MA
Michael G. Collins
University of Virginia School of Law
Gonzalo P. Curiel
U.S. District Court, Southern District of California, San Diego, CA
Gary Feinerman
Latham & Watkins LLP, Chicago, IL
William A. Fletcher
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, San Francisco, CA
Paul L. Friedman
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Ian Heath Gershengorn
Jenner & Block LLP, Washington, DC
Sharon L. Gleason
U.S. District Court of Alaska, Anchorage, AK
John Gleeson
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, New York, NY
Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA
Toby Jay Heytens
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Mark R. Hornak
U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA
Margaret Z. Johns
University of California, Davis School of Law
Adalberto J. Jordan
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, Miami, FL
Richard B. Katskee
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Virginia M. Kendall
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Seth F. Kreimer
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Alexandra D. Lahav
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Jennifer Laurin
University of Texas School of Law
Leah M. Litman
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Jon Loevy
Loevy & Loevy, Chicago, IL
John G. Malcolm
Advancing American Freedom, Indianapolis, IN
Mary Massaron
Plunkett Cooney, P.C., Bloomfield Hills, MI
Stephen R. McAllister
University of Kansas School of Law, Lawrence, KS
Scott Michelman
American Civil Liberties Union of the District of Columbia
Darrell A.H. Miller
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Jane Elinor Notz
Office of the Illinois Attorney General, Chicago, IL
Eugene P. Ramirez
Manning Kass
Alexander A. Reinert
Yeshiva University, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, NY
Lee H. Rosenthal
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Houston, TX
David Rudovsky
Kairys, Rudovsky, Messing, Feinberg & Lin LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Joanna C. Schwartz
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Michael H. Simon
United States District Court for the District of Oregon
Gregory Charles Sisk
University of St. Thomas School of Law, Minneapolis, MN
Amy Totenberg
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
Barbara D. Underwood
Office of the Attorney General of New York, New York, NY
Howard M. Wasserman
Florida International University College of Law, Miami, FL
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Raquel E. Aldana
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
James M. Anderson
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Laura I. Appleman
Willamette University College of Law, Salem, OR
David J. Aronofsky
The University of Montana (Retired), Missoula, MT
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Jesse Bair
Burns Bair LLP, Madison, WI
Nannette A. Baker
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Missouri, Saint Louis, MO
Thad H. Balkman
District Court of Cleveland County, Oklahoma, Norman, OK
William W. Barrett
Williams Barrett & Wilkowski, LLP, Greenwood, IN
Steven L. Barth
Office of the Federal Public Defender, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
William Baude
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Michael M. Baylson
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Michael M. Berger
Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Mark I. Bernstein
Philadelphia, PA
Ashutosh A. Bhagwat
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Chesa Boudin
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Jeff J. Bowen
Lindemann Miller Bowen LLP, Madison, WI
Thomas H. Boyd
Winthrop & Weinstine, PA, Minneapolis, MN
Keith Bradley
Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP, Denver, CO
Peter Bray
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Houston, TX
Samuel L. Bray
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Jacquelyn L. Bridgeman
University of Wyoming College of Law, Laramie, WY
Richard R. W. Brooks
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
H. Thomas Byron III
Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC
Jean-Jacques Cabou
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Edmond E. Chang
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Yee Wah Chin
New York, NY
Laurence Paul Claus
University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego, CA
Zachary D. Clopton
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Jia Michelle Cobb
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Michael G. Colantuono
Colantuono, Highsmith & Whatley, PC, Grass Valley, CA
Kevin L. Cole
University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego, CA
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Kelsi B. Corkran
Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection, Georgetown Law, Washington, DC
Michelle Williams Court
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
Andrew Manuel Crespo
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Michael Crommelin
Melbourne Law School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Thomas L. Cubbage
The Center for American and International Law, Plano, TX
Rueben C. Cásarez
Wells Fargo & Co. (Retired), Evergreen, CO
Erin F. Delaney
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Kelly Dermody
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, San Francisco, CA
Anuj C. Desai
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Donald L. Doernberg
Pace University, Elisabeth Haub School of Law (Retired), Penn Valley, CA
James B. Dolan
Badger, Dolan, Parker & Cohen, Boston, MA
Joshua A. Douglas
University of Kentucky, J. David Rosenberg College of Law, Lexington, KY
Kevin J. Doyle
U.S. District Court, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
C. Wilson DuBose
DuBose Law Group LLC, Madison, GA
Avlana K. Eisenberg
Boston College Law School, Newton Center, MA
Ronald Eisenberg
Pennsylvania Attorney General's Office, Philadelphia, PA
Anne S. Emanuel
Georgia State University College of Law (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Ralph R. Erickson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit, Fargo, ND
Katie R. Eyer
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Roger A. Fairfax
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Richard G. Feder
Philadelphia, PA
Gary Feinerman
Latham & Watkins LLP, Chicago, IL
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
Paul J. Fraidenburgh
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Diego, CA
Bernard K. Freamon
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Alana Crowe Frederick
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, Birmingham, AL
Barry Friedman
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Marvin Garfinkel
Gladwyne, PA
Frederick Mark Gedicks
Brigham Young University, J. Reuben Clark Law School (Emeritus), Provo, UT
Benjamin D. Geffen
Public Interest Law Center, Philadelphia, PA
Steven S. Gensler
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Nancy Gertner
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Joseph M. Getty
Supreme Court of Maryland, Annapolis, MD
Llewellyn Joseph Gibbons
University of Toledo College of Law, Toledo, OH
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Christine Chambers Goodman
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Malibu, CA
David M. Gossett
Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, Washington, DC
Paul A. Gowder
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
John J. Grogan
Langer, Grogan & Diver, P.C., Philadelphia, PA
Simona Grossi
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Catherine M. Grosso
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
David W. Gruning
Loyola University New Orleans College of Law, Abita Springs, LA
Tracy Raffles Gunn
Gunn Appellate Practice P.A., Tampa, FL
Caitlin Halligan
New York State Court of Appeals, Albany, NY
Michael A. Harring
Chicago, IL
Rosemary Hart
U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC
Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Thomas Healy
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Arthur D. Hellman
University of Pittsburgh School of Law, Pittsburgh, PA
Lawrence K. Hellman
Oklahoma City University School of Law, Oklahoma City, OK
Stephen E. Henderson
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Richard Conrad Henke
Thomas M. Cooley Law School, Lansing, MI
B. Jessie Hill
Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH
Eric L. Hirschhorn
Winston & Strawn LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Gretchen Hoff Varner
Covington & Burling LLP, San Francisco, CA
Jerome A. Holmes
U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit, Oklahoma City, OK
C. Stephen Hsu
Beijing College of Politics and Law, Beijing, China
Edwin E. Huddleson
Washington, DC
Diane J. Humetewa
U.S. District Court, District Court of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
LaShonda A. Hunt
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Aziz Zahirul Huq
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Edward J. Janger
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Kirk C. Jenkins
Kahana Feld LLP, Half Moon Bay, CA
Richard Gibbs Johnson
RGJ LLC, Cleveland, OH
Anthony Johnstone
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Missoula, MT
Robb M. Jones
United Educators (Retired), Sterling, VA
Anil Kalhan
Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law, Philadelphia, PA
D. Arthur Kelsey
Supreme Court of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Orin S. Kerr
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Steve Kim
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Sarah M. Konsky
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Ajay Krishnan
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Erin C. Lagesen
Oregon Court of Appeals, Salem, OR
Ruxandra "Andra" Laidacker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Thomas S. Leatherbury
Thomas S. Leatherbury Law, PLLC, Dallas, TX
Evan Tsen Lee
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Thomas H. Lee
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Damon R. Leichty
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Indiana, South Bend, IN
Nancy Leong
University of Denver, Sturm College of Law, Denver, CO
Justin Levitt
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
George W. Liebmann
George W. Liebmann, P.A., Baltimore, MD
Erika F. Lietzan
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
Lewis J. Liman
U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, New York, NY
Susan M. Lin
Kairys, Rudovsky, Messing, Feinberg & Lin LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Mark J. Loewenstein
University of Colorado Law School (Emeritus), Boulder, CO
Andrés W. López
The Law Offices of Andrés W. López P.S.C., San Juan, PR
Gerard N. Magliocca
Indiana University, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indianapolis, IN
Jane E. Magnus-Stinson
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN
Julia D. Mahoney
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Patrick A. Malone
Patrick Malone & Associates, PC, Washington, DC
Suzette Malveaux
Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, VA
Jeffrey A. Mandell
Law Forward, Madison, WI
Lisa Marshall Manheim
University of Washington School of Law, Seattle, WA
Michael J. Mannheimer
Northern Kentucky University, Chase College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
C. Scott Maravilla
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC
Gonzalo C. Martinez
California Court of Appeals, Second District, Los Angeles, CA
Araceli Martínez-Olguín
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, San Francisco, CA
Steven L. Mayer
Arnold & Porter (Retired), San Francisco, CA
James T. McCartt
Triangle Peak Partners LP, Knoxville, TN
Marcia L. McCormick
St. Louis University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
John J. "Mike" McKetta
Graves, Dougherty, Hearon & Moody, PC (Retired), Austin, TX
M. Isabel Medina
Loyola University New Orleans College of Law, New Orleans, LA
Paul Mogin
Williams & Connolly LLP (Retired), Chevy Chase, MD
Alan B. Morrison
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Julian Davis Mortenson
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Derek T. Muller
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
David E. Nahmias
Jones Day, Atlanta, GA
Valerie M. Nannery
The American Constitution Society, Washington, DC
Jonathan R. Nash
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA
Robert G. Newman
Fulbright & Jaworski LLP (Retired), San Antonio, TX
Eric S. Nguyen
U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Washington, DC
Aaron L. Nielson
Brigham Young University, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Provo, UT
Oren Nimni
Peoples' Law Project, Amherst, MA
Joel W. Nomkin
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
Barbara O'Brien
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
James M. Oleske
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Mariela Olivares
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Sean Olivas
Jennings Haug Keleher McLeod Waterfall LLP, Albuquerque, NM
Eric R. Olson
Olson Grimsley Kawanabe Hinchcliff & Murray LLC, Denver, CO
Ryan Y. Park
McGuireWoods LLP, Raleigh, NC
Jeffrey A. Parness
Northern Illinois University College of Law, DeKalb, IL
John T. Parry
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Robert S. Peck
Center for Constitutional Litigation, PC, Washington, DC
Harvey S. Perlman
University of Nebraska College of Law, Lincoln, NE
Mary Kelly Persyn
Persyn Law & Policy, San Francisco, CA
Ashwin P. Phatak
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
P. Casey Pitts
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, San Jose, CA
Stuart A. Raphael
Court of Appeals of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Connor N. Raso
Carbon Measures, Washington, DC
Gerald S. Reamey
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Henry R. Reeve
Denver District Attorney's Office (Retired), Denver, CO
Daniel I.S.J. Rey-Bear
Rey-Bear McLaughlin LLP, Spokane, WA
Sarah E. Ricks
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Augustin Rivera
Del Mar Community College District, Corpus Christi, TX
Lauren K. Robel
Indiana University, Maurer School of Law, Falmouth, MA
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Russell K. Robinson
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Daniel B. Rodriguez
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Jacqueline C. Romero
Baker & Hostetler LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Robin L. Rosenberg
The Federal Judicial Center, Washington, DC
Bertrall L. Ross
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Thomas D. Rowe
Duke University School of Law, Marina del Rey, CA
Gabriel P. Sanchez
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, San Francisco, CA
Lynn Hecht Schafran
Legal Momentum (Retired), New York, NY
Mary M. Schroeder
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, Phoenix, AZ
Michael Schwarz
Santa Fe, NM
Matthew R. Segal
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Washington, DC
Peter M. Shane
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Allen E. Shoenberger
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Stuart H. Singer
Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, Fort Lauderdale, FL
Matthew D. Slater
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, Washington, DC
Duston J. Slinkard
U.S. Attorney's Office, District of Kansas, Topeka, KS
Micah W.J. Smith
U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Carl A. Solano
Superior Court of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Sabita J. Soneji
Tycko & Zavareei LLP, Oakland, CA
Arthur B. Spitzer
American Civil Liberties Union of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Victor P. Stabile
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA
John W. Stamper
O'Melveny & Myers LLP (Retired), Los Angeles, CA
Jason P. Steed
University of Toledo College of Law, Toledo, OH
Daiquiri J. Steele
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
Adam N. Steinman
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
James Y. Stern
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
Paul David Stern
National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, CA
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Elizabeth S. Stong
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY
Seth W. Stoughton
University of South Carolina Joseph F. Rice School of Law, Columbia, SC
Jon B. Streeter
California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Four, San Francisco, CA
Catherine T. Struve
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Barry Sullivan
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Sarah L. Swan
Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ
Ria Tabacco Mar
American Civil Liberties Union, New York, NY
William H. Theis
Federal Defender Program (Retired), Lawrence, KS
David K. Thomson
New Mexico Supreme Court, Santa Fe, NM
Jay Tidmarsh
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Jon S. Tigar
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA
Daniel Patrick Tokaji
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Michael E. Tolbert
Tolbert & Tolbert LLC, Gary, IN
Raymond P. Tolentino
Cooley LLP, Washington, DC
Ethan V. Torrey
Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, DC
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Michael Troncoso
Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP, San Diego, CA
Robert L. Tsai
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Caroline S. Van Zile
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
Paul J. Van de Graaf
U.S. Attorney's Office, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
Palmer Gene Vance II
Stoll Keenon Ogden PLLC, Lexington, KY
Louis J. Virelli
Stetson University College of Law, Saint Petersburg, FL
John L. Warden
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, New York, NY
David G. Webbert
Johnson Webbert, LLP, Topsham, ME
Joseph A. Wetch
Thompson, Coe, Cousins & Irons, LLP, Saint Paul, MN
Jonathan L. Williams
Latham & Watkins LLP, Washington, DC
Douglas P. Woodlock
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Eric H. Zagrans
Zagrans Law Firm LLC, Columbus, OH
Melvyn Zarr
University of Maine School of Law, Portland, ME
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY

Submitted comments will not immediately appear on this page. They are posted by ALI staff during business hours. 

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MCG Open
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Restatement of the Law,

Torts: Miscellaneous Provisions

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This project is part of ALI’s ongoing revision of the Restatement Second of Torts. Portions of the Restatement Second have been superseded by the Restatement Third of Torts: Products Liability, Apportionment of Liability, Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm, and Liability for Economic Harm.

This Restatement addresses topics not covered in another part of the Restatement Third of Torts that either require updating since publication of the Restatement Second or were not previously addressed but should be covered in a modern torts Restatement. These topics include vicarious liability, wrongful death and survival actions, among others. 

Drafting of this project is completed; preparation of the official text is in progress.

The Council approved the initiation of this project in January 2019. Beginning with the drafts for the 2023 Annual Meeting, material on medical liability was produced separately as the Restatement of the Law Third, Torts: Medical Malpractice.

Restatement of the Law
On
RTCP - Rest. Third, Torts: Miscellaneous Provisions
Off
Nora Freeman Engstrom
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Brent R. Appel
Supreme Court of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Cheri L. Beasley
Raleigh, NC
J. Brett Busby
Supreme Court of Texas, Austin, TX
David G. Campbell
U.S. District Court, District Court of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Edward H. Cooper
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Jessica Davidson
Kirkland & Ellis LLP, New York, NY
Elizabeth Faiella
Faiella & Gulden, P.S., Winter Park, FL
Gary Feinerman
Latham & Watkins LLP, Chicago, IL
Richard H. Friedman
Friedman Rubin, Bremerton, WA
Mark Geistfeld
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Myriam E. Gilles
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Abbe R. Gluck
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Steve C. Gold
Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Mark A. Hall
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Heather Hansen
O'Brien & Ryan, LLP, Plymouth Meeting, PA
Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Stephen A. Higginson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, New Orleans, LA
Jill R. Horwitz
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Joshua D. Koskoff
Koskoff, Koskoff & Bieder, Redding, CT
Alexandra D. Lahav
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Beverly Baldwin Martin
JAMS, Atlanta, GA
Margaret Penny Mason
Barclay Damon LLP, New Haven, CT
Dayna Bowen Matthew
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Leigh Martin May
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
Kenneth Murphy
Philadelphia, PA
Leonard Jack Nelson
Samford University School of Law, Birmingham, AL
David Orentlicher
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Jim M. Perdue
Perdue & Kidd, Houston, TX
Philip G. Peters
University of Missouri School of Law, Columbia, MO
Robert L. Rabin
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Christina C. Reiss
U.S. District Court, District of Vermont, Burlington, VT
Ellen Relkin
Weitz & Luxenberg, PC, New York, NY
Julius N. Richardson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, Columbia, SC
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
William M. Sage
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Nadia N. Sawicki
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Marc M. Seltzer
Susman Godfrey LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Joanna Shepherd
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA
Laura Sigman
Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
Amy J. St. Eve
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
David Studdert
Stanford Law School, Palo Alto, CA
Thomas D. Waterman
Supreme Court of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
John Witt
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Jennifer Wriggins
University of Maine School of Law, Portland, ME
Allison Zieve
Public Citizen Litigation Group, Washington, DC
Adam S. Zimmerman
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Patrick Bailey
American College of Surgeons, Washington, DC
Laura A. Foggan
Crowell & Moring LLP, Washington, DC
Kyle Palazzolo
American Medical Association Office of the General Counsel, Chicago, IL
Marc T. Amy
Jones Walker LLP, Lafayette, LA
James M. Anderson
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
James K. Archibald
Wright, Constable & Skeen, LLP, Towson, MD
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Tom Baker
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Steven K. Balman
Shook & Johnson, Tulsa, OK
Jennifer S. Bard
University of Cincinnati College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
William T. Barker
Dentons US LLP (Retired), Chicago, IL
James M. Beck
Reed Smith LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Mark A. Behrens
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Neal S. Berinhout
AT&T (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Mary Jane Bowes
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA
Thomas H. Boyd
Winthrop & Weinstine, PA, Minneapolis, MN
Stuart N. Brotman
University of Tennessee, College of Communication & Information, Knoxville, TN
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
John P. Burton
Rodey Law Firm, Santa Fe, NM
Karen K. Caldwell
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Stephen Calkins
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
Martha E. Chamallas
The Ohio State University, Moritz College of Law (Retired), Brooklyn, NY
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
Michael G. Colantuono
Colantuono, Highsmith & Whatley, PC, Grass Valley, CA
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Christine Nero Coughlin
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Christopher Scott D'Angelo
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Keith L. Davidson
Law Offices of Keith L. Davidson, Crystal Lake, IL
Deborah A. DeMott
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Anthony M. DiLeo
Anthony M. DiLeo, APC, New Orleans, LA
John L. Diamond
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
James B. Dolan
Badger, Dolan, Parker & Cohen, Boston, MA
John Fitzgerald Duffy
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Holly A. Dyer
Foulston Siefkin LLP, Wichita, KS
Jordan Elias
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Richard G. Feder
Philadelphia, PA
Jay M. Feinman
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Arthur Norman Field
Field Consulting Services LLC, New York, NY
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
Paul J. Fraidenburgh
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Diego, CA
David R. Geiger
Product Liability Advisory Council, Inc., Clifton, VA
Sharon Stern Gerstman
Magavern Magavern Grimm LLP, Buffalo, NY
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Donald G. Gifford
University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
James Goudkamp
Oxford University, Oxford, England
Carlos Gómez Ligüerre
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Valerie P. Hans
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Paul T. Hayden
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Richard Conrad Henke
Thomas M. Cooley Law School, Lansing, MI
Stephen J. Herman
Fishman Haygood L.L.P, New Orleans, LA
Daniel Earle Hinde
Dan Hinde PLLC, Houston, TX
Sharona Hoffman
Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH
Roger F. Holmes
Biss & Holmes, Anchorage, AK
Kevin D. Jewell
Court of Appeals, Fourteenth District of Texas, Houston, TX
Vincent R. Johnson
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Allan Kanner
Kanner & Whiteley, LLC, New Orleans, LA
Gregory C. Keating
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
D. Arthur Kelsey
Supreme Court of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Leslie Carolyn Kendrick
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
Erik Knutsen
Queen's University School of Law, Kingston, Canada
Peter R. Kochenburger
Southern University Law Center, Baton Rouge, LA
Candace Saari Kovacic-Fleischer
American University, Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
Ronald J. Krotoszynski
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Joseph H. Lang
Carlton Fields, P.A., Tampa, FL
John P. Lavelle
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Steve Leben
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, Kansas City, MO
Lawrence C. Levine
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, CA
Michael E. Levine
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A., Miami, FL
William Parker Lightfoot
Lightfoot Law, Washington, DC
Kyle D. Logue
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
William Cullen MacDonald
Hawkins Delafield & Wood LLP (Retired), Richmond, VA
Solangel Maldonado
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Patrick A. Malone
Patrick Malone & Associates, PC, Washington, DC
D. Price Marshall
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR
Brett A. Mason
Troutman Pepper Locke LLP, Atlanta, GA
Lorelie S. Masters
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Washington, DC
Thomas Wm. Mayo
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law, Dallas, TX
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
Richard J. McNeil
Crowell & Moring LLP, Irvine, CA
Stephanie A. Middleton
The American Law Institute (Retired), Greenbrae, CA
Jim A. Moseley
Gray Reed & McGraw, LLP, Dallas, TX
Luther T. Munford
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Valerie M. Nannery
The American Constitution Society, Washington, DC
Donal Nolan
University of Oxford, Worcester College, Oxford, England
James M. Oleske
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Robert M. Palumbos
Duane Morris LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Stephen Patrick Pate
Cozen O'Connor, Houston, TX
Robert S. Peck
Center for Constitutional Litigation, PC, Washington, DC
E. Farish Percy
University of Mississippi Law School, Oxford, MS
Jeffrey M. Pollock
Pollock Law, LLC, Furlong, PA
Polly J. Price
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA
Marlon A. Primes
Brennan, Manna & Diamond, Cleveland, OH
Ellen S. Pryor
UNT Dallas College of Law, Dallas, TX
Stuart A. Raphael
Court of Appeals of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Hugh Massey Ray
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, Houston, TX
Margaret Raymond
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Clifford A. Rieders
Rieders, Travis, Dohrmann, Mowrey, Humphrey & Waters, Williamsport, PA
Armand James Robertson
Superior Court of California, City and County of San Francisco (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Christopher T. Robertson
Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA
Michael Lindsay Robinson
North Carolina Business Court, Winston Salem, NC
Daniel B. Rodriguez
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Joseph Sanders
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Nathan A. Schachtman
Center for Truth in Science, Haddonfield, NJ
Robert P. Schuster
Robert P. Schuster, P.C., Jackson, WY
Susan Sharko
Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Florham Park, NJ
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Carl A. Solano
Superior Court of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Shanin Specter
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Victor P. Stabile
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA
Jane Stapleton
The University of Sydney Law School, Sydney, Australia
Michael K. Steenson
Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Saint Paul, MN
Jeffrey W. Stempel
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Evan B. Stephenson
Spencer Fane LLP, Denver, CO
James Y. Stern
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Catherine T. Struve
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
John D. Taurman
Vinson & Elkins LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Jeffrey E. Thomas
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, Kansas City, MO
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Molly S. Van Houweling
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Victor D. Vital
Haynes and Boone, LLP, Dallas, TX
Elizabeth Weeks
University of Georgia School of Law, Athens, GA
Merle Weiner
University of Oregon School of Law, Eugene, OR
Steven O. Weise
Proskauer Rose LLP, Los Angeles, CA
W. Bradley Wendel
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Nicholas J. Wittner
Michigan State University College of Law (Retired), East Lansing, MI
Douglas P. Woodlock
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Eric H. Zagrans
Zagrans Law Firm LLC, Columbus, OH
Carla C. van Dongen
State Farm Insurance Companies (Retired), Union Pier, MI

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Restatement of the Law Third,

Torts: Remedies

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This project is part of ALI’s ongoing revision of the Restatement Second of Torts. Portions of the Restatement Second have been superseded by the Restatement Third of Torts: Products Liability, Apportionment of Liability, Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm, and Liability for Economic Harm.

This Restatement covers several distinct types of issues. The first is identifying the types of damages that are recoverable, including past and future lost wages, medical expenses, disfigurement, pain and suffering, lost profits, and damage to property. The second type involves issues related to measuring damages, for example, discounting future earnings to present value, the effect of taxes, and the collateral-source rule. The third type is injunctions against threatened or continuing torts or to reverse the effects of completed torts. And the fourth type is other forms of monetary relief, such as nominal and punitive damages and restitution of unjust enrichment.

Status Chart

At the 2025 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve Tentative Draft No. 4, containing material from Topic 1, Injunctions, of Chapter 3 on Injunctions and Other Forms of Specific Relief, as well as two new Comments to previously approved sections—Comment h to § 43 (Availability of Injunctions) and Comment c to § 44 (Scope of Injunctions). 

At the 2024 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve Tentative Draft No. 3, which includes the remainder of Topics 1 and 2 of Chapter 1 (Compensatory Damages), all of Chapter 2 (Other Monetary Remedies), and material from Chapter 3 (Injunctions and Other Forms of Specific Relief).

At the 2023 Annual Meeting, the membership voted to approve portions of Tentative Draft No. 2, which contains sections from Chapter 1, Topic 1, General Rules for Measuring Compensatory Damages; all of Chapter 1, Topic 2, Injury to the Person; and a portion of Chapter 3, Topic 1, Injunctions. Sections 11, 26, and 27 were discussed but not presented for voting.

At the 2022 Annual Meeting, the following actions were taken on Tentative Draft No. 1:

  • A motion to amend § 8 failed.
  • A second motion to amend § 8 was withdrawn.

The membership voted to approve §§ 1-4, 6-8 of Tentative Draft No. 1. After discussion with the membership, Reporters agreed to present a revised § 5 at a future Meeting. Accordingly, there was no vote on § 5. The remaining sections of TD No. 1 that were not discussed due to time constraints will be presented at a future Annual Meeting.

All draft approvals are subject to the discussion at the meeting and usual editorial prerogative.

For more detailed information on this project please visit the Torts: Remedies page on The ALI Adviser. 

* Preliminary Drafts and Council Drafts are available only to participants and the Council. Discussion Drafts and Tentative Drafts are available to the public after the Annual Meeting.

** Once it is approved by the Membership at an Annual Meeting, a Tentative Draft or Proposed Final Draft represents the most current statement of The American Law Institute's position on the subject and may be cited in opinions or briefs until the official text is published.

*** Chapter numbers are those used in the most recent draft or in the latest projected overall table of contents and may not correspond to the chapter numbers used in earlier drafts. 

Restatement of the Law
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RTRE - Rest. Third, Torts: Remedies
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Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Ronen Avraham
University of Texas Law School, Austin, TX
Thomas A. Balmer
Supreme Court of Oregon (Retired), Salem, OR
Anita Bernstein
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Theodore J. Boutrous
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Samuel L. Bray
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Thomas A. Chaseman
American International Group, Inc., New York, NY
Steven M. Colloton
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit, Des Moines, IA
J. Gordon Cooney
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Karol Corbin Walker
Kaufman Dolowich & Voluck, LLP, Hackensack, NJ
Kelly Dermody
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, San Francisco, CA
Amy Poehling Eddy
Montana Eleventh Judicial District Court, Kalispell, MT
Nora Freeman Engstrom
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
James Fischer
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Andrew L. Frey
New York, NY
Daniel C. Girard
Girard Sharp LLP, San Francisco, CA
Elizabeth Goff Gonzalez
Eighth Judicial District Court, Clark County, Las Vegas, NV
Michele Bratcher Goodwin
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
James E. Graves
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, Jackson, MS
Paul W. Grimm
U.S. District Court, District of Maryland (Retired), Greenbelt, MD
J. Michael Hennigan
McKool Smith PC (Retired), Los Angeles, CA
William F. Highberger
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Emily J. Joselson
Langrock Sperry & Wool, LLP (Retired), Middlebury, VT
Michael I. Krauss
The Antonin Scalia Law School at George Mason University, Arlington, VA
Leondra R. Kruger
Supreme Court of California, San Francisco, CA
David I. Levine
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, Berkeley, CA
Marin K. Levy
Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC
Jean C. Love
Santa Clara University School of Law, Santa Clara, CA
Steve McManus
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Companies (Retired), Bloomington, IL
Carlos Eduardo Mendoza
U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida, Orlando, FL
Malini Moorthy
Argenx US, Inc., Boston, MA
Michael T. Morley
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Charles R. A. Morse
Jones Day, New York, NY
Monica M. Márquez
Supreme Court of Colorado, Denver, CO
Tonya Parker
116th Civil District Court of Texas, Dallas, TX
Harvey S. Perlman
University of Nebraska College of Law, Lincoln, NE
Thomas R. Phillips
Baker Botts L.L.P., Austin, TX
Robert W. Pratt
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Iowa, Des Moines, IA
Ellen S. Pryor
UNT Dallas College of Law, Dallas, TX
Caprice L. Roberts
Louisiana State University, Paul M. Hebert Law Center, Baton Rouge, LA
Nicole A. Saharsky
Mayer Brown LLP, Washington, DC
Robert P. Schuster
Robert P. Schuster, P.C., Jackson, WY
Anthony J. Sebok
Yeshiva University, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, NY
Kannon K. Shanmugam
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, Washington, DC
Catherine M. Sharkey
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Emily L. Sherwin
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Peter K. Stris
Stris & Maher LLP, Cerritos, CA
William M. Tabb
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
John D. Taurman
Vinson & Elkins LLP (Retired), Washington, DC
Samuel A. Thumma
Arizona Court of Appeals, Division One, Phoenix, AZ
Sarah S. Vance
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA
Jane M. N. Webre
Scott Douglass & McConnico LLP, Austin, TX
John Shepard Wiley
California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division Eight, Los Angeles, CA
Douglas P. Woodlock
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Marc T. Amy
Jones Walker LLP, Lafayette, LA
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Dwyer Arce
Kutak Rock LLP, Omaha, NE
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Jennifer S. Bard
University of Cincinnati College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Thomas H. Boyd
Winthrop & Weinstine, PA, Minneapolis, MN
Andrew D. Bradt
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Steve Brody
O'Melveny & Myers LLP, Washington, DC
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
John P. Burton
Rodey Law Firm, Santa Fe, NM
J. Brett Busby
Supreme Court of Texas, Austin, TX
Mauro Bussani
University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Patricia A. Cain
Santa Clara University School of Law, Santa Clara, CA
Karen K. Caldwell
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Stephen Calkins
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
David N. Calvillo
Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP, Houston, TX
Gregory A. Castanias
Jones Day, Washington, DC
Yun-chien Chang
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Gonzalo P. Curiel
U.S. District Court, Southern District of California, San Diego, CA
John M. Curran
New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Fourth Department, Buffalo, NY
Christopher Scott D'Angelo
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Anthony E. DiResta
Holland & Knight LLP, Washington, DC
John L. Diamond
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
A. Mechele Dickerson
University of Texas School of Law, Austin, TX
James B. Dolan
Badger, Dolan, Parker & Cohen, Boston, MA
Holly A. Dyer
Foulston Siefkin LLP, Wichita, KS
Allan H. Erbsen
University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, MN
Todd Espinosa
Law Office of Todd Espinosa, Redwood City, CA
Laura Viviana Farber
Hahn & Hahn LLP, Pasadena, CA
Muhammad U. Faridi
Linklaters Americas, New York, NY
April L. Farris
Fifteenth Court of Appeals, Austin, TX
Jay M. Feinman
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Arthur Norman Field
Field Consulting Services LLC, New York, NY
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
Judith K. Fitzgerald
Tucker Arensberg, P.C., Pittsburgh, PA
Marialuisa S. Gallozzi
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Joseph D. Garrison
Garrison, Levin-Epstein, Fitzgerald & Pirrotti PC, New Haven, CT
Larry T. Garvin
The Ohio State University, Moritz College of Law, Columbus, OH
James Paul George
Texas A&M University School of Law, Fort Worth, TX
Mark P. Gergen
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Jacob E. Gersen
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Andrew Gold
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
James Goudkamp
Oxford University, Oxford, England
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Marcy Hogan Greer
Alexander Dubose & Jefferson LLP, Austin, TX
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Catherine M. Grosso
Michigan State University College of Law, East Lansing, MI
Emily C. Guenin-Hodson
Guenin Law Office, P.C., Wabash, IN
Deepak Gupta
Gupta Wessler LLP, Washington, DC
Carlos Gómez Ligüerre
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Steven M. Haas
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Richmond, VA
Kendyl T. Hanks
Greenberg Traurig, LLP, Austin, TX
Gregory R. Hanthorn
Jones Day (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Paul T. Hayden
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Richard Conrad Henke
Thomas M. Cooley Law School, Lansing, MI
Stephen J. Herman
Fishman Haygood L.L.P, New Orleans, LA
Tracy D. Hester
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Daniel Earle Hinde
Dan Hinde PLLC, Houston, TX
Roger F. Holmes
Biss & Holmes, Anchorage, AK
C. Stephen Hsu
Beijing College of Politics and Law, Beijing, China
Cisselon Nichols Hurd
Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Edward J. Janger
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
Kevin D. Jewell
Court of Appeals, Fourteenth District of Texas, Houston, TX
Vincent R. Johnson
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Robb M. Jones
United Educators (Retired), Sterling, VA
Allan Kanner
Kanner & Whiteley, LLC, New Orleans, LA
Amy Keller
DiCello Levitt LLP, Chicago, IL
D. Arthur Kelsey
Supreme Court of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
David G. Klaber
K&L Gates LLP, Pittsburgh, PA
Christopher M. Klein
U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of California, Vancouver, WA
Erik Knutsen
Queen's University School of Law, Kingston, Canada
Donald J. Kochan
George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School, Arlington, VA
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Joseph H. Lang
Carlton Fields, P.A., Tampa, FL
Adam Lauridsen
Keker, Van Nest & Peters LLP, San Francisco, CA
John P. Lavelle
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Brian C. Lea
U.S. District Court, Western District of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
Steve Leben
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law, Kansas City, MO
Mark A. Lemley
Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA
Lawrence C. Levine
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, CA
Jason L. Lichtman
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, New York, NY
Patrick A. Malone
Patrick Malone & Associates, PC, Washington, DC
D. Price Marshall
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR
Annika K. Martin
Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, New York, NY
Miquel Martin-Casals
Institute of European and Comparative Law, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
Jonathan S. Massey
Massey & Gail LLP, Washington, DC
Lorelie S. Masters
Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, Washington, DC
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
Thomas B. McNamara
U.S. Bankruptcy Court for District of Colorado, Denver, CO
Kevin T. Merriman
Lippes Mathias LLP, Buffalo, NY
Paul B. Miller
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Paul Mogin
Williams & Connolly LLP (Retired), Chevy Chase, MD
Luther T. Munford
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Colleen P. Murphy
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
David E. Nahmias
Jones Day, Atlanta, GA
Valerie M. Nannery
The American Constitution Society, Washington, DC
Richard L. Neumeier
Morrison Mahoney LLP (Retired), Boston, MA
Carolyn H. Nichols
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Bala Cynwyd, PA
Donal Nolan
University of Oxford, Worcester College, Oxford, England
Joel W. Nomkin
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
James M. Oleske
Lewis & Clark Law School, Portland, OR
Eric R. Olson
Olson Grimsley Kawanabe Hinchcliff & Murray LLC, Denver, CO
Robert M. Palumbos
Duane Morris LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Michael H. Park
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, New York, NY
David F. Partlett
Emory University School of Law (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Robert S. Peck
Center for Constitutional Litigation, PC, Washington, DC
Amy M. Pepke
Kirkland & Ellis LLP, Houston, TX
E. Farish Percy
University of Mississippi Law School, Oxford, MS
Mark Elliott Plotkin
Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, DC
Jeffrey M. Pollock
Pollock Law, LLC, Furlong, PA
Polly J. Price
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA
Marlon A. Primes
Brennan, Manna & Diamond, Cleveland, OH
Stuart A. Raphael
Court of Appeals of Virginia, Richmond, VA
Henry R. Reeve
Denver District Attorney's Office (Retired), Denver, CO
Clifford A. Rieders
Rieders, Travis, Dohrmann, Mowrey, Humphrey & Waters, Williamsport, PA
Jennifer K. Robbennolt
University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign, IL
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Reginald L. Robinson
Howard University School of Law, Washington, DC
Thomas D. Rowe
Duke University School of Law, Marina del Rey, CA
Keith A. Rowley
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, NV
Joseph Sanders
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Nadia N. Sawicki
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Nathan A. Schachtman
Center for Truth in Science, Haddonfield, NJ
Timothy R. Schnabel
Law Reform Institute, Mc Lean, VA
Marc M. Seltzer
Susman Godfrey LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
D. Gordon Smith
Brigham Young University, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Provo, UT
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Henry E. Smith
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Carl A. Solano
Superior Court of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Carl L. Solomon
Solomon Law Group, Columbia, SC
Sabita J. Soneji
Tycko & Zavareei LLP, Oakland, CA
Victor P. Stabile
Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA
Jane Stapleton
The University of Sydney Law School, Sydney, Australia
Daiquiri J. Steele
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
James Y. Stern
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
Paul David Stern
National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, CA
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Louise Ellen Teitz
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Michael Traynor
Cobalt LLP, Stinson Beach, CA
Palmer Gene Vance II
Stoll Keenon Ogden PLLC, Lexington, KY
Victor D. Vital
Haynes and Boone, LLP, Dallas, TX
Eugene Volokh
The Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Dennis J. Wall
Law Office of Dennis J. Wall, Winter Springs, FL
Merle Weiner
University of Oregon School of Law, Eugene, OR
Steven O. Weise
Proskauer Rose LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Joseph A. Wetch
Thompson, Coe, Cousins & Irons, LLP, Saint Paul, MN
Kennon L. Wooten
Scott Douglass & McConnico LLP, Austin, TX
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Thomas C. Wright
Wright Close & Barger, LLP, Houston, TX
Eric H. Zagrans
Zagrans Law Firm LLC, Columbus, OH
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Carla C. van Dongen
State Farm Insurance Companies (Retired), Union Pier, MI

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Restatement of the Law Third,

Torts: Defamation and Privacy

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on

This project is part of ALI’s ongoing revision of the Restatement Second of Torts. Portions of the Restatement Second have been superseded by the Restatement Third of Torts: Products Liability, Apportionment of Liability, Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm, and Liability for Economic Harm.

This Restatement addresses torts dealing with personal and business reputation and dignity, including defamation, business disparagement, and rights of privacy. Among other issues, the work will cover the substantial body of new issues relating to the internet.

Torts Defamation Chart

The Council approved the initiation of this project in January 2019. ALI members may join the Members Consultative Group.

* Preliminary Drafts and Council Drafts are available only to participants and the Council. Discussion Drafts and Tentative Drafts are available to the public after the Annual Meeting.

** Once it is approved by the Membership at an Annual Meeting, a Tentative Draft or Proposed Final Draft represents the most current statement of The American Law Institute's position on the subject and may be cited in opinions or briefs until the official text is published.

*** Chapter numbers are those used in the most recent draft or in the latest projected overall table of contents and may not correspond to the chapter numbers used in earlier drafts. 

Restatement of the Law
Off
RTDP - Rest. Third, Torts: Defamation and Privacy
Off
Lyrissa Barnett Lidsky
University of Florida, Levin College of Law, Gainesville, FL
Robert C. Post
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Anita L. Allen-Castellitto
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Kevin Baine
Williams & Connolly LLP, Washington, DC
Jack M. Balkin
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Samantha Barbas
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
Michael M. Baylson
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Wendy Beetlestone
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Sanford L. Bohrer
Holland & Knight LLP (Retired), Miami, FL
Tracie L. Brown
California First District, Court of Appeal, San Francisco, CA
Clay Calvert
University of Florida, College of Journalism & Communications (Retired), Gainesville, FL
Aloke S. Chakravarty
Saul Ewing LLP, Boston, MA
William J. Chriss
The Snapka Law Firm, Corpus Christi, TX
Danielle Citron
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Anuj C. Desai
University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI
Jennifer Dorsey
U.S. District Court, District of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
Holly A. Dyer
Foulston Siefkin LLP, Wichita, KS
John F. Fischer
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals, Tulsa, OK
George Freeman
Media Law Resource Center, New York, NY
Amy Gajda
Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, NY
David R. Geiger
Product Liability Advisory Council, Inc., Clifton, VA
John C.P. Goldberg
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Philip S. Goldberg
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Michael D. Green
Washington University School of Law, Saint Louis, MO
Roger L. Gregory
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, Richmond, VA
Robert C. Heim
Dechert LLP, Philadelphia, PA
James S. Hill
North Dakota District Court, South Central District, Bismarck, ND
Noel L. Hillman
FBT Gibbons LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Brian M. Hoffstadt
California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division Two, Los Angeles, CA
Lamont A. Jefferson
Jefferson Cano Allison Barkley PLLC, San Antonio, TX
Bruce E. H. Johnson
Davis Wright Tremaine LLP
RonNell Andersen Jones
University of Utah, S.J. Quinney College Law, Salt Lake City, UT
Adalberto J. Jordan
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, Miami, FL
Thomas R. Julin
Gunster, Miami, FL
Scott L. Kafker
Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Eileen Kaufman
Touro Law Center, Central Islip, NY
Leslie Carolyn Kendrick
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Paul Kleven
Law Offices of Paul Kleven, Berkeley, CA
Joseph H. Lang
Carlton Fields, P.A., Tampa, FL
Peter F. Langrock
Langrock Sperry & Wool, LLP, Middlebury, VT
Thomas S. Leatherbury
Thomas S. Leatherbury Law, PLLC, Dallas, TX
Lili Levi
University of Miami School of Law, Coral Gables, FL
David A. Logan
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Mary-Rose Papandrea
George Washington University Law School, Chapel Hill, NC
David F. Partlett
Emory University School of Law (Retired), Atlanta, GA
John Pelander
Supreme Court of Arizona (Retired), Tucson, AZ
Carlton W. Reeves
U.S. District Court, Southern District of Mississippi, Jackson, MS
Clifford A. Rieders
Rieders, Travis, Dohrmann, Mowrey, Humphrey & Waters, Williamsport, PA
Beth Robinson
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, New York, NY
Jennifer E. Rothman
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Philadelphia, PA
Allison Jones Rushing
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, Richmond, VA
Robert D. Sack
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit
Pablo Salvador-Coderch
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
David A. Schulz
Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
Anthony J. Scirica
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, Philadelphia, PA
Virginia A. Seitz
Sidley Austin LLP, Washington, DC
Douglas G. Smith
Alpheus LLC, Chicago, IL
Rodney A. Smolla
Vermont Law & Graduate School, South Royalton, VT
Jon S. Tigar
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, Oakland, CA
Charles D. Tobin
Ballard Spahr LLP, Washington, DC
Eugene Volokh
The Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
James Weinstein
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
Benjamin C. Zipursky
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Kenneth S. Abraham
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Linda Auerbach Allderdice
Holland & Knight LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Marc T. Amy
Jones Walker LLP, Lafayette, LA
José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Christopher Edward Appel
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP, Washington, DC
Dwyer Arce
Kutak Rock LLP, Omaha, NE
Enrique Armijo
Elon University School of Law, Greensboro, NC
Ronald G. Aronovsky
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Charles L. Babcock
Jackson Walker LLP, Houston, TX
Steven K. Balman
Shook & Johnson, Tulsa, OK
Jennifer S. Bard
University of Cincinnati College of Law, Cincinnati, OH
Sandra S. Baron
Yale Law School Info. Society Project & Abrams Inst. for Freedom of Expression, New York, NY
Shawn J. Bayern
Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, FL
Charles L. Becker
Kline & Specter, PC, Philadelphia, PA
Neal S. Berinhout
AT&T (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Jonathan Biran
Supreme Court of Maryland, Annapolis, MD
Chesa Boudin
University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Berkeley, CA
Samuel L. Bray
University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL
Richard R. W. Brooks
New York University School of Law, New York, NY
Stuart N. Brotman
University of Tennessee, College of Communication & Information, Knoxville, TN
Arthur H. Bryant
Arthur Bryant Law, P.C, Oakland, CA
Ellen M. Bublick
Arizona State University, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Phoenix, AZ
David J. Burman
Perkins Coie LLP, Seattle, WA
Alan Jay Butler
Electronic Privacy Information Center, Washington, DC
Jean-Jacques Cabou
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
Stephen Calkins
Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI
Sarah Keeton Campbell
Tennessee Supreme Court, Nashville, TN
Elena A. Cappella
Philadelphia, PA
W. Jonathan Cardi
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
Nicole B. Casarez
University of St. Thomas, Evergreen, CO
Jonathan G. Cedarbaum
George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC
Edmond E. Chang
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Pamela Chestek
Chestek Legal, El Dorado Hills, CA
Stephen Yee Chow
Stephen Y. Chow, PC, Boston, MA
Anne E. Cohen
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP (Retired), New York, NY
George W. Conk
Fordham University School of Law, New York, NY
Christina Crozier
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Christopher Scott D'Angelo
Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, LLP, Philadelphia, PA
F. T. Davis
Dentons US LLP (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Michael K. Davis
Supreme Court of Wyoming (Retired), Cheyenne, WY
Michelle Madden Dempsey
Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law, Villanova, PA
Robert P. Deyling
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Washington, DC
Anthony E. DiResta
Holland & Knight LLP, Washington, DC
Mihailis E. Diamantis
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
John L. Diamond
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
James B. Dolan
Badger, Dolan, Parker & Cohen, Boston, MA
John Fitzgerald Duffy
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA
Jay M. Feinman
Rutgers Law School, Camden, NJ
Michael R. Fitzpatrick
Wisconsin Court of Appeals (Retired), Madison, WI
Victor B. Flatt
Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH
Joseph D. Garrison
Garrison, Levin-Epstein, Fitzgerald & Pirrotti PC, New Haven, CT
Jacob E. Gersen
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Nancy Gertner
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
Elizabeth Barrowman Gibson
Toyota Motor North America, Inc., Plano, TX
Donald G. Gifford
University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD
Matthew J. Ginsburg
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), Washington, DC
Eric Goldman
Santa Clara University School of Law, Santa Clara, CA
James Goudkamp
Oxford University, Oxford, England
Kent Greenfield
Boston College Law School, Newton Center, MA
Charles E. Griffin
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Patricia Guerrero
Supreme Court of California, San Francisco, CA
Mark A. Hall
Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC
David S. Han
Pepperdine University, Caruso School of Law, Malibu, CA
Gregory R. Hanthorn
Jones Day (Retired), Atlanta, GA
Michael A. Harring
Chicago, IL
Richard L. Hasen
University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Paul T. Hayden
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Thomas Healy
Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ
Rex S. Heinke
Complex Appellate Litigation Group LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Stephen E. Henderson
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Mike Hintze
Hintze Law PLLC, Seattle, WA
Roger F. Holmes
Biss & Holmes, Anchorage, AK
C. Stephen Hsu
Beijing College of Politics and Law, Beijing, China
Edwin E. Huddleson
Washington, DC
J. Russell Jackson
Dowd Bennett LLP, Saint Louis, MO
Ralph A. Jacobs
Westport Island, ME
Kevin D. Jewell
Court of Appeals, Fourteenth District of Texas, Houston, TX
Richard Gibbs Johnson
RGJ LLC, Cleveland, OH
Vincent R. Johnson
St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, TX
Robb M. Jones
United Educators (Retired), Sterling, VA
Roscoe Jones
Drake Law School, West Des Moines, IA
Anil Kalhan
Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law, Philadelphia, PA
Peter Karanjia
DLA Piper US LLP, Washington, DC
Gregory C. Keating
University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, Los Angeles, CA
Amy Keller
DiCello Levitt LLP, Chicago, IL
Rayna E. Kessler
Robins Kaplan LLP, New York, NY
Evelyn V. Keyes
Texas Court of Appeals, 1st District (Retired), Houston, TX
Jeff Kichaven
Jeff Kichaven Commercial Mediation, Los Angeles, CA
Harold H. Kim
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC
Nancy S. Kim
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL
Steve Kim
U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Los Angeles, CA
David G. Klaber
K&L Gates LLP, Pittsburgh, PA
Nina A. Kohn
Syracuse University College of Law, Syracuse, NY
Candace Saari Kovacic-Fleischer
American University, Washington College of Law, Washington, DC
Ronald J. Krotoszynski
University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, AL
Peter B Kutner
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
John P. Lavelle
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Timothy P. Law
Reed Smith LLP, Philadelphia, PA
Douglas Laycock
University of Virginia School of Law (Emeritus), Austin, TX
Lawrence C. Levine
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, CA
John B. Lewis
Baker & Hostetler LLP (Retired), Shaker Heights, OH
Wallace K. Lightsey
Wyche, P.A., Greenville, SC
Lewis J. Liman
U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, New York, NY
Jessica D. Litman
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI
Andrés W. López
The Law Offices of Andrés W. López P.S.C., San Juan, PR
Patrick A. Malone
Patrick Malone & Associates, PC, Washington, DC
Hugh J. Marbury
Cozen O'Connor, Wilmington, DE
Steven L. Mayer
Arnold & Porter (Retired), San Francisco, CA
Christopher J. McFadden
Court of Appeals of Georgia, Atlanta, GA
James C. McKay
Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia (Retired), Washington, DC
John J. "Mike" McKetta
Graves, Dougherty, Hearon & Moody, PC (Retired), Austin, TX
Kevin T. Merriman
Lippes Mathias LLP, Buffalo, NY
Paul B. Miller
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Edward M. Mullins
Reed Smith LLP, Miami, FL
Luther T. Munford
Butler Snow LLP, Ridgeland, MS
Christopher T. Nace
Nace Law Group Accident & Injury Attorneys, Washington, DC
Richard L. Neumeier
Morrison Mahoney LLP (Retired), Boston, MA
Donal Nolan
University of Oxford, Worcester College, Oxford, England
Joel W. Nomkin
Perkins Coie LLP, Phoenix, AZ
Jennifer D. Oliva
Indiana University, Maurer School of Law, Bloomington, IN
E. Farish Percy
University of Mississippi Law School, Oxford, MS
Harvey S. Perlman
University of Nebraska College of Law, Lincoln, NE
Jeffrey M. Pollock
Pollock Law, LLC, Furlong, PA
Ellen S. Pryor
UNT Dallas College of Law, Dallas, TX
Manuel Alfonso Quinto-Pozos
Deats Durst & Owen PLLC, Austin, TX
Richard J. R. Raleigh
Womble Bond Dickinson (US) LLP, Huntsville, AL
Jason A. Rantanen
University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, IA
Terrance G. Reed
Lankford & Reed PLLC, Alexandria, VA
R. Anthony Reese
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Henry R. Reeve
Denver District Attorney's Office (Retired), Denver, CO
Christopher John Robinette
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, CA
Jacob H. Rooksby
Gonzaga University School of Law, Spokane, WA
Lauri Waldman Ross
Ross & Girten, Coral Gables, FL
Robert L. Rothman
Law Office of Robert L. Rothman, Atlanta, GA
Joseph Sanders
University of Houston Law Center, Houston, TX
Harry Sandick
Patterson Belknap Webb and Tyler LLP, New York, NY
Leticia M. Saucedo
University of California, Davis School of Law, Davis, CA
Nadia N. Sawicki
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Chicago, IL
Lynn Hecht Schafran
Legal Momentum (Retired), New York, NY
Robert P. Schuster
Robert P. Schuster, P.C., Jackson, WY
Marc M. Seltzer
Susman Godfrey LLP, Los Angeles, CA
Dan Shefet
Cabinet Shefet, Paris, France
William P. Shelley
Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani, LLP (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Kenneth W. Simons
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Paul M. Smith
Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
Steven R. Smith
California Western School of Law, San Diego, CA
Carl A. Solano
Superior Court of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, PA
Carlos R. Soltero
Maynard Nexsen PC, Austin, TX
Andrew Z. Soshnick
Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Indianapolis, IN
Michael K. Steenson
Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Saint Paul, MN
James Y. Stern
William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA
Rhea C. Stevens
Law Office of Rhea Stevens, Pearland, TX
Larry S. Stewart
Stewart Tilghman Fox Bianchi & Cain, P.A. (Retired), West Palm Beach, FL
H. Mark Stichel
RKW Law Group, Baltimore, MD
Laura Denvir Stith
Supreme Court of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
Guy Miller Struve
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (Retired), New York, NY
Mary-Christine Sungaila
Complex Appellate Litigation Group, Newport Beach, CA
Sarah L. Swan
Rutgers Law School, Newark, NJ
Louise Ellen Teitz
Roger Williams University School of Law, Bristol, RI
Jay Tidmarsh
Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, IN
Stacey Ann Tovino
University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, OK
Daniel Mack Traynor
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota, Bismarck, ND
Michael Traynor
Cobalt LLP, Stinson Beach, CA
Deborah Tuerkheimer
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL
Ari Ezra Waldman
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Irvine, CA
Chang Wang
Kingsfield Law Office, Bloomington, MN
Merle Weiner
University of Oregon School of Law, Eugene, OR
Jack M. Weiss
Liskow & Lewis (Retired), New Orleans, LA
Nancy E. Weiss
Washington College of Law, American University, Washington, DC
Heather Welch
JAMS, Indianapolis, IN
W. Bradley Wendel
Cornell Law School, Ithaca, NY
Joseph A. Wetch
Thompson, Coe, Cousins & Irons, LLP, Saint Paul, MN
James F. Williams
Perkins Coie LLP, Seattle, WA
Douglas P. Woodlock
U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
Richard W. Wright
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, Evanston, IL
Carla C. van Dongen
State Farm Insurance Companies (Retired), Union Pier, MI

Submitted comments will not immediately appear on this page. They are posted by ALI staff during business hours. 

Once posted by staff, comments are visible to project participants and ALI members. Terms of Use

Submitted motions will be reviewed for compliance with the motions procedures and submission instructions, which are on the 2026 Annual Meeting website.

Once posted by staff, motions are visible to project participants and ALI members. Terms of Use

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Restatement of the Law Third,
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